Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is an uncommon focal or diffuse destructive inflammatory lesion of the gallbladder. It is characterized macroscopically by yellowish tumor-like mass in the wall of the gallbladder, and microscopically characterized in the early stages by a large number of foamy histiocytes and acute inflammatory cells, and in the )ater stages by increasing fibrosis. It has been usually mistaken for gallbladder cancer and often seen with stones. A case is presented in which a 59-year-old woman with clinical gallbladder cholesterol polyp was found at surgery to have a edematous and thickened wall of gallbladder, multiple black pigmented stones and 3 x 0.5cm sized yellowish mass on gallbladder bed which was confirmed later as xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, pathologically. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1996;28:582 - 586)