Rectovaginal fistula is a relatively rare disease in surgical field. Its incidence is reported as less than 5% in anorectal fistula. This study was based on 20 cases of rectovginal fistulas during 10 years from January 1st, 1978 to December 31th, 1988 at the Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. The results were as follows; 1) Age ranged from 22years to 68years. The peak incidence was in 5th decades. 2) Considering the etiologic distribution, cancer invasion, iatrogenic injury, obstertric injury and chemical injury were 40%, 30%, 25%, 5%, respectively. In the age group below 39years, trauma was the leading cause of rectovaginal fisrula(5/6), but in the age group above 49years, cancer invasion was leading cause(8/14). 3) Causative operations of 6 iatrogenic injury patients were one Weltheims operation due to cervix ca., one transabdominal hysterectony and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy due to cervix ca, one bilateral oophorectomy due to ovarian cystic teratoma, one low anterior resection due to rectal ca and two dilatation and currettages. 4) The most frequent symptom was vaginal feces passage(69%). 5) Main repair procedure was primary closure and the overall success rate was 50%. The success rate in primary closure only was 60% and the success rate in primary closure with colostomy was 25 %