Colonofiberscopy has become a procedure in the study of patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of colonic disease. In recent years, it has become an essential procedure to diagnosis and treatment of colonic disease. we compared barium enema with colonofiberscopy for the diagnosis of colonic disease. Barium enema and colonofibercopy were performed on 126 cases who were suspected of colonic disease and had been admitted to the department of internal medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, from May 1976 to May 1981. The results were as follows; 1. The observed patients were 76 males with the most predominent age group in the forties. Age distribution was from 16 to 76 years. 2. Among the 126 cases, abnormal colonofiberscopic findings were seen in 83 cases(65.9%). Other 43 cases had no remarkable findings. 3. Regarding the cause of abnormal colonoscopic findings, colorectal cancers were found in 25 cases(19.8%), nonspecific colitis 15 cases(11.9o), tuberculous colitis 13 cases(10.3o), benign polyp 12 cases(9. 5%), and ulcerative colitis 9 cases(7. 1%). 4. Insertion rates to the desired levels were 100% in the rectosigmoid and descending colon, 79. 3% in trasverse colon, 80% in ascending colon, and 74. 3% in cecum. 5. The comparison was made between barium enema and colonofiberscopy. Sixty two among 126 cases were an identical diagnosis by both examinations.