Here presented a case of obstructive jaundice caused by a rare cause: tuberculous lymphadenitis and/or tuberculosis'of the pancreas. Some literature was reviewed and possible pathophysiologica! Mechanism of tuberculous lymphadenitis and tuberculosis of the pancreas was discussed. A 29-year old man was admitted due to increasing jaundce of a month and headache, fever and chills for 7 days. The exploratory laparotomy disclosed obstruction of the common bile duct due to enlarged Iymphnodes and head of the pancreas, which was hard and nodular. The pathological report of the lymph node ws tuberculosis and that of the pancreas fibrosis. The operative cholangiography: evealed comp!ete obstruction of the di tal common bile duct ivithout passage of contrast media into the duodenum. It was thought that the 1esion was the unresectable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, the cholecystectomy and T-tube chleadoch- ostomy v as done. There was marked improvement with antituberculous treatment which was given for the minimal active tuherculosis of the both upper lung fields. The T-tube wa.', removed on 5 months after the operation, and he had been in good health until the last follow- up, 2 years and 4 months after tlie admission.