Diabetics are predisposed to certain acute mononeuropathies, including a cranial neuropathy involving oculor motor nerves. Oculomotor nerve palsy is the most common cranial neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Affection of several nerves in one eye can occur, rarely, Such as, the third and the sixth or the third and the fourth. The cllnical characteristics of diabetes-associated ophthalmoplegia include abrupt onset, frequent occurrence of short-lived ipsllateral pain, sparing of pupillary reflex, and resolution in most cases within a few months. Clinicopathological studies have suggested that diabetic ophthalomoplegia results from microvascular ischemia of an oculomotor nerve in it's subarachnoid, cavernous segment or mid brain, Pupillary sparing is a single feature of diabetic third nerve palsy, and it has been widely used to distinguish diabetic oculomotor palsy from extrinsic compressive lesion of the third nerve, such as an aneurysm in the carotid siphon. No specific treatment is necessary. We experienced two cases of diabetic spontaneous ophthalmoplegia, one affected oculomotor nerve and the other affected partially oculomotor nerve and trochlear nerve, so we report these cases with review of the literatures.