To evaluate the relationahip between the hepatitis B virus markers and various parameters of diabetes mellitus such as duration, age of onset, mode therapy and serum transaminases. We compared the prevalence of HBV markers(HBsAg and AntiHBs) in 128 diabetic patietnts and 2,417 nondiabetic persons who visited to KangNam St' Mary's Hospital from May to Novernber 1985, There was no signficant difference in the preva lence of HBsAg and AntiHBs between the diabetic patient(10.2% and 32,8%, respectively) and the nondiabetic persons(9,9% and 37.3%, reapectively). There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of HBU markers and the duration of diabetes, the age of diabetic patients, the level of transaminases, or the mode of therapy of diabetes. This sturdy shows that the diabetes mellitus may not he a predisposing condition to the hepetitis B viral infection.