Objective : Human papillomavirus(HPV) infection, which is prevalent in Korea, is well known to be associated with male infertility and pregnancy wastages. This study was performed to assess the prevalence of HPV-16 infection and its effect on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.(IVF-ET) Methods : Using polymerase chain reaction(PCR), the presence of HPV-16 in uterine cervix and follicular fluid of infertile women and sperm of their spouses undergoing IVF-ET was examined. Results : Out of 52 IVF-ET patients, the positive rate of HPV-16 was 36.5%(n=19) in sperm, 55.8%(n=29) in uterine cervical smear, and 53.8%(n=28) in follicular fluid. Forty-one patients(78.8%) showed the HPV-16 positivity in at least one sample, and only 11 patients(21.2%) were HPV-16 negative in all three samples. Those with the HPV-16 positivity in all three samples were 7(13.5%), and those in whom both couples showed the HPV-16 positivity were 8(15.5%). In cervical sample group, combination group of all three samples, and combination group of both couples' samples, the mean age of HPV-16 positive patients was significantly higher, compared with each corresponding control(p<0.05, p<0.05, p<0.05, respectively). In sperm sample group, combination group of all three samples, and combination group of both couples' samples, the mean duration of infertility in HPV-16 positive patients was significantly longer(p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). The HPV-16 positivity in any single samples or their combinations did not demonstrate any significant differences in the outcomes of IVF-ET. However, the pregnancy rate of sperm HPV-16 positive group was significantly lower than that of sperm HPV-16 negative group (15.8% vs. 42.4%, p<0.05). Conclusions : Infertile patients with the HPV-16 positivity were older, and had longer duration of infertility than those with the HPV-16 negativity, and the presence of HPV-16 in husband's sperm lowered the pregnancy rate of IVF-ET. Therefore, detection and management of HPV-16 in husband's sperm prior to the initiation of IVF-ET cycles may improve the prognosis of IVF-ET.