The authors have compared the relative accuracy of cervicovaginal screening for malignant cells using a fluorescent method and the traditional Papanicolaou method. Duplicate smears were takenfrom 3,181 random patients in the clinics of the Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, stained by the traditional Papanicolaou method and Acridine orange method popularized by Riva and Tutner. Different members of the Department of Pathology read the regular smears while the fluorescent method was used by the authors. The patients with abnormal smear(ClassⅢ, Ⅳ, andⅤ) were subfected to tissue diandiangosis by either multiole biopsy or cold knife conization. 1. Among the 3,181 patients, an abnormal smear was found in 76 patients(2.39%)by the flourescent method and 89 patients(2,79%) by the Papanicolaou method. 2. Tissue diagnosis was obstained in 36 patients out of 76 abnormal smears found by the fluorescent method and 41 patients out of 89 abnormal snears found by the Papanicolaou method. Analysis revelaled that the ratio of being to maligant was 12:24 by the fluorescent method and 20:21 by the Papanicolaou method. 3. The study shows that in our hands the false positive and false negative rate was slightly lower in the fluorescent method than in the Papanicolaou method. 4. Uther evidence is presented to show that the fluorescent method is quicker and easier as a screening method and has a real place in the screening for cervical cancer. 5. In addition to its cancer detection, it is also useful in diagnosing cause of vaginal dischange such as trichomonas and monilia.