The effect of radiation on the chromosomes of the cancer cell of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma was investigated in this study with the use of primary tissue culture technic. The obstained results were as follows; 1) The samples for the initial tissue culture procedure were devided into non-irradiated group, 100 Rad irradiated group and 400 Rad irradiated group. Each group consisted of 35cases. Tissue culture was successful in 9 cases of the non-irradiated group, 5 cases of 200 Rad irradiated group and 3 cases of 400 Rad irradiated group. 2) The numerical aberrations of the chromosomes observed in the 414 cells of the non-irradiated group and the 282 cells of the irradiated group were within the range from haploid to tetraploid. Stem-line of hyperdiploid could be noticeable but no remarkable difference in the number of chromosome could be found. 3) The breakage rate as a criterion for the incidence of chromosomal aberration was 14.24% in the non-irradiated group and 29.43% in the irradiated group. There was significant difference in the incidence of chromsomal aberration.