The author presents a rapid methylene blue monochrome staining method to evaluate applicability of this method in gynecological practice in comparison with Papanicolaou technique and reviewed the possibility of change of methylene blue stain to Papanicolaou stain. Examination of vaginal smears of 10 gynecological patients enabled a cytological evaluation of hormonal effects in various phases of menstrual cycle. Many suspicious cells were observed in all of 5 cancer patients. Among 295 outpatients, by using this technique as a preliminary means of cervical smears for the early diagnosis of cancer 80% of them were found to be `innocent` and therefore only the remainder 52 patients, which were suspicious or doubtful, were referred to the laboratory for further investigation by means of the Papanicolaou technique. The results after change of their stain were almost same as those of the original Papanicolaou method. The reservation that the gynecologist is trained in the technique and interpretation of vaginal smears the methylene blue staining method, supplemented if necessary by the Papanicolaou technique, can be recommended as a routine method for day-to-day use in practice.