1) The present status of gynecological exfoliative cytology is briefiy reviewed and ten cases of cervical lesion on which cytologic examination was performed are presented. More extensive studies on the treatment of invasive cervical carcinoma should be done. But, what is more inportant, the detection of the pre-clinical stage of cervical carcinoma should be advocated so as to prevent invasive carcinoma. For the purpose of detecting pre-clinical carcinoma, cytologic examination which is highly accurate, particularly in squamous cell carcinoma (accuracy according to Brewer: 95%), should be used periodically, at least once a year. 2) Cytologic examination is useful and convenient to confirm malignancy with-in a few hours in comparison to paraffin preparation of the tissue. 3) Cytologic examination is mandatory to detect cervical carcinoma in incomplete vaginal atresia and cervical canal carcinoma, which is difficult to be noted by speculum examination. 4) In the case of a cervical lesion which seems to be cervical erosion in appearance and forms hard induration to the parametrium, cytologic examination is decisive in differentiating whether it is infiammatory or carcinomatous in nature.