This study was designed to overview the present situation of literary education in Japan and to point out what should be done in the future literary education. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to examine and experience the Japanese school system for a few years. With the time limit, however, this study roughly examined the literary education in Japan by looking through the history of Japanese high school textbooks. There were two reasons that high school textbook was chosen to be the object of investigation: first, high school is in the level closest to that of university. Second, it has become almost obligatory to attend high school since 1974 (the year when the rate of entering high school was over 90%) although the present mandatory schooling of Japan is only 9 years (from the 6-year elementary school to the 3-year middle school). As everyone knows, the present Japanese school has the problem of Izimae (the phenomenon of excluding certain students from the peer group) and the breakdown of classroom. One of the cause of this problem is that the students do not have the capacity to interact with others, who are in the different position from them. This capacity can be cultivated by the appropriate education, Therefore, this study suggested the direction of the future literary education by presenting two literature classes of elementary school as the examples. The first class suggested is to make the anthologie of students own. In the beginning of this class, students select the stories and the poems they like most and make anthologies by reorganizing the selected stories and poems. After the students make their own anthologies, they talk about why they like the works they chose. This discussion broadens their thought to the outside of the stories and poems. The second class uses an illustrated book to educate students for the equality of the sexes. The contents of the book is like this: a girl who wants to be a princess passes many tests, but she gives up being a princess after she passes all the tests. The reason is that she realizes that the qualities she has to possess to be a princess are those which are required to be a suitable person for the prince. The teachers of elementary schools studies and teaches hard. The education of high school should follow the example of the education of elementary school to be a suitable education in the age of the 12-years of mandatory schooling.