The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the music audiation intervention program on young children`s tonal and rhythmic level and the relationship between children`s tonal patterns and rhythmic capabilities and their families` musical environment. The sample was consisted of 76 five-year-old children and their parents enrolled at a preschool in Seoul. Children in the experimental group participated 24 units of activity in the music audiation intervention program. Before and After treatment, both control and experimental groups were tested by the tonal pattern and rhythm test using the Primary Measures of Music Audiation(PMMA). Parents rated and returned the questionnaire, family musical environment. The results of the study showed that the treatment had a statistically significant effect on the children`s ability of musical audiation. However, there was no differences in the levels of tonal and rhythmic ability between boys and girls. There was only a significant relationship between musical audiation and the number of CD.