The South in American history has been represented as an exceptional region which is characterised oppression and inequality, powerty and separation, guilty consciousness and defeat, and racism. This perception originates from historical experiences of Old South, So called `plantation myth.` and `cavalier myth.` described the South as the place where great planters dominates the politics, and the slavery economy is stagnant, and the society is regulated by paternalistic ethics and mores. Also southern people was compared with northern people who were defined as orderly, prosperous, hard-working, thrifty, profit-pursuing, and literate, while southerners were perceived as poor, lazy, luxurious, slow, unrealistic, and illiterate. This image was reinforced after Civil War and thereafter `southernism` or `southernness` meant political conservation, economic backwardness, and socio-cultural moderation. But historians have found that Old South was quite different from the perceived image. Most of southern whites were yeoman who did not own slaves and most slaveowners were holding less than 20 slaves, thus the South was a region of yeoman. Small slaveowners were actively participating in the exploration of the West and they were mobile groups which were equipped with industry, frugality, and motives for profit-making. Also southern economy was not stagnant but efficient and prosperous with reasonable resource allotment and capital investment. Slavery economy produced high profits to planters who were entrepreneurs working in markets of world capitalism. The values, attitudes, and culture of the South were not monolithic but complex with continuing geographical expansion, conflicts and active changes. Most of all, the geographical area of the South bas been rapidly changed during the first half of the nineteenth century, thus its characteristics varied with time and place. There were many `Souths` with very different socio-economic cultural components. Nowadays the South still has traditional images which have been developed for more than a century. Southerners and Northerners both contributed to the making of `cavalier` myth before the Civil War. Also the image of New South was added and applied to interpreting the Old South. But at least in the first half of the nineteenth century, the North and the South were not two different civilizations. New aspects of Old South, which have been discovered by historians, suggest that the interpretation of the South must include the various differences of many southern regions. And the myth of South must be reconsidered with its reality.