In order to know the effect of several antibiotic agents (helocetin, penbrex, streptomycin, vibramycin) on the fecundity, viability, development time and recessive lethal gene of Drosophila melanogaster added to the antibiotic agents at various concentrations (l0ppm, 50ppm, 100ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm) in the Drosophila medium. Comparative with control group, the relative values of fecundity and viability generally decreased as the concentration of antibiotic agents increased in the food. And vibramycin effected greatly. Also development time delayed as the concentration of antibiotic agents increased in the medium and vibramycin effected greatly. And recessive lethal gene mutation were greatly effected by vibramycin and helocetin. The more generated the generation, the more increased the frequence of gene mutation. From the results, it seems likely that antibiotic agents decreased the fecundity and viability, delayed the development time and effected on the gene mutation.