This study aimed to develop the Short Form Adolescent Parenting Stress Scale (APSS) to assess primary mental health of middle aged women with adolescent child. Methods: Data were collected from 210 middle aged women with adolescent children from two large cities in South Korea. Self-reported data were collected in September 2018. Using SPSS/WIN 21.0 version, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to verify construct validity. Pearson's correlation coefficients and intra-class coefficient between original scale and the short form were evaluated for convergent validity. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's α. Results: The Short Form-APSS consisted of 3 sub-scales among 34 items: adolescent domain (11 items/4 factors); parent domain (13 items/5 factors); and adolescent-parent relationship domain (10 items/3 factors). It was observed to have strong explanation (adjusted R2=.98) and high correlation (r=.99) with the original APSS. The Short Form-APSS demonstrated sufficient level of intra-class coefficient (α=.99) and internal consistency (α=.94). Conclusion: The Short Form-APSS is valid and reliable to measure adolescent parenting stress amongst Korean mothers. It can be used for development and evaluation of parents' role in education programs for improving adolescent mental health.

Purpose: The purpose of this mixed-method study was to identify the demand for mental health nursing education and work of nurses at a private psychiatric hospital. Methods: The survey of demand for mental nursing education was conducted by including 231 nurses at a private psychiatric hospital from November to December, 2017. Qualitative research by two focus groups was conducted from October to November, 2018. Results: The mean of mental health nursing education demands according to major category were the therapeutic environment (4.27±0.76), substancerelated and addictive disorders (4.18±0.68), therapeutic relationship and communication (4.17±0.64), respect for human (4.11±0.74), and neurocognitive disorders (4.07±0.74). The qualitative research participants' demands for mental health nursing education were classified into five categories: 'discrimination power', 'communication techniques', 'psychiatric drugs', 'coping method', and 'legal issues'. Conclusion: Nurses with less psychiatric careers have strong need to learn a therapeutic environment and alcoholism, and nurses with more experience in psychiatry have education of humanities. Nurses at private psychiatric hospitals have high demand for continous education of updated mental nursing to expand their extensive experience required for becoming more professional nurses in future.

The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to family health and develop a prediction model with an ability to explain family health in families of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: A hypothesized model with twelve pathway forms was developed based on literature review. Family stress and social stigma were included as two exogenous variables; whereas family resilience, family empowerment, self-esteem, community integration, and family health were included as endogenous variables. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from 206 families of patients with schizophrenia living in Republic of Korea. Data were analyzed with PASW/WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 programs. Results: Social stigma had a negatively indirect and total effect on family health. Family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration had positive and direct and overall effects on family health. Conclusion: A prediction model for families of patients with schizophrenia is proposed and social stigma, family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration are presented as predicting factors for family health. Nursing interventions and support programs should be developed to overcome social stigma and improve family resilience, self-esteem, and community integration.

The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic communication experience of nurses in psychiatric wards. Methods: Data were collected from 9 mental health nurses working at psychiatric wards in three university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeongju, South Korea. The study involved in-depth individual interviews, which were recorded and transcribed as they were spoken, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Therapeutic communication experiences of psychiatric ward nurses were categorized into 4 categories, 12 subcategories, and 24 codes. The four categories were 'therapeutic communication practiced as a nurse', 'therapeutic communication delivered to patients', 'power revealed between patients and nurses', and 'environment surrounding therapeutic communication'. The twelve subcategories were 'approaching with interest', 'with all one's heart and soul', 'learning and grow from peers', 'understanding the true meaning of mental health nursing', 'boosting in strength', 'providing a sense of security', 'formation of rapport', 'lead to recovery', 'variability of interaction', 'powerful energy originating from sparklet', 'lack of physical time', and 'absence of supervision'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the need to develop and apply therapeutic communication interventions for psychiatric nurses. Supervision is needed to promote therapeutic communication among psychiatric nurses and requires institutional support.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of meaning-centered therapy (MCT) on depressive symptoms in adults and older adults, excluding cancer patients. Methods: Ten databases were systematically to extract peerreviewed journal articles and dissertations in Korean or English. Two independent researchers assessed the risk of bias and the quality of the report using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network criteria. Results: A total of 12 (five Korean and seven non-Korean) studies were finally selected after removing 66 of the 78 studies assessed for eligibility due to inappropriate subject inclusion and research design. Eleven studies reported that MCT was effective in reducing depressive symptoms, except for one study using web-based MCT for cancer caregivers. Those studies also showed that the effects remained at the patient follow-up sessions. Conclusion: The reviewed studies provide evidence suggesting that MCT may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms in adults and older adults. However, it is necessary to investigate the effectiveness of on-line MCT on the depressive symptom reduction in the future.

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of autonomy, competence, and relationship on the recovery attitude of inpatients with alcohol use disorder. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was based on the basic psychological needs theory, which is a sub-theory of self-determination theory (SDT). Study participants were 158 inpatients with alcohol use disorder from four mental hospitals in two areas. Data were collected from self-report questionnaires administered in September and October 2019. Data were analyzed using the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and the multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS 22.0. Results: Recovery attitude showed a positive correlation with autonomy (r=.62, p<.001), competence (r=.40, p<.001), and relationship (r=.33, p<.001). The results of the regression indicate the autonomy and competence explained 39% of the recovery attitude (R2=.40, F=51.04, p<.001). Conclusion: The results suggest that autonomy and competence play integral roles in the recovery attitude of inpatients with alcohol use disorders. Thus, mental health practitioners should develop psychological need-based interventions to improve the autonomy, competence, and recovery attitude of inpatients' with alcohol use disorder.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationships among occupational identity, social support, posttraumatic growth, and health-related quality of life regarding firefighters. Methods: The study was conducted with 149 firefighters working at two fire stations in South Gyeongsang Province. Data were collected between August and September 2018. There were four research instruments in the structured survey, including the occupational identity scale, social support scale, Korea Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument. Results: As a result, the quality of life of firefighters was positively correlated with social support, occupational identity, and posttraumatic growth. The factors associated with the quality of life of firefighters were social support (β=.36, p<.001), and occupational identity (β=.31, p<.001). The total explanatory power of these variables was 53.1%. Conclusion: To improve the health-related quality of life of firefighters based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop support programs to strengthen social support and occupational identity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the 'Becoming Happy I' program on gratitude disposition, self-esteem, flow, and subjective happiness in nursing college students. Methods: Participants in this study were 39 nursing college students (20 in the experimental group and 19 in the control group) at a college of nursing. The research design was a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest as a quasi-experimental study. Data was collected from February to April in 2011 and analyzed via the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program with the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey HSD test. Results: There were significant changes in gratitude disposition, self-esteem, flow, and subjective happiness in the experimental group before and after treatment, which was significantly different from the control group, and these effects lasted at a 4-week follow-up. Conclusion: The 'Becoming Happy I' program was effective in improving gratitude disposition, self-esteem, flow, and subjective happiness for nursing college students. As a result, we recommended that the 'Becoming Happy I' program be utilized as an effective intervention for nursing college students to improve gratitude disposition, self-esteem, flow, and subjective happiness.

This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of meaning in life on the relationship between social connectedness and depression among middle-aged women. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed. One hundred and forty-two middle-aged women who visited welfare centers or churches in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province participated in the study. The data were collected from May to June, 2019 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criteria. Results: Social connectedness was significantly positively correlated with meaning in life (r=.52, p<.001) and negatively with depression (r=-.53, p<.001). Meaning in life was also significantly negatively correlated with depression (r=-.50, p<.001). Furthermore, meaning in life had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between social connectedness and depression (β=-.31, p<.001). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that meaning in life plays an important role in maintaining mental health and well-being for middle-aged women. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a nursing intervention program that can enhance the meaning in life to promote mental health and well-being.

The aims of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) scale for Korean adults. Methods: Participants were 441 adults in South Korea, who completed in a self-reported online survey of ATTS. A total of 37 items were used for conducting item analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as examining the internal consistency. Results: Based on findings of item reduction and exploratory factor analyses, three factors were identified based on 16 items, such as 'acceptability (7 items)', 'understandability (5 items)', and 'tabooing (4 items)'. These factors accounted for 49.4% of the total variance of ATTS. Known-groups, item convergent, and item discriminant validity were confirmed; Fitness of the modified mode was acceptable (χ2=375.51, CFI=.84, TLI=.81, GFI=.90, AGFI=.87, RMSEA=.08). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the 16 items was .82. Conclusion: Three factors of the short version of ATTS may be useful to evaluate the suicidal attitudes of Korean adults effectively and accurately. Our study findings suggest that suicide attitude questionaries need to be constantly revised to consider socio-cultural environment.