In order to treat microorganisms in ballast water, inert or active materials are mainly used. Processes using active substances remain active substances after treatment. TRO is a generic term for active substances such as these types of oxidants. Due to the convenience of measurement and the stability of equipment, ballast water treatment systems are mainly controlled by TRO values. This study investigated the effects of thiosulfate concentrations and Ca and Mg ions on the neutralization capacity of thiosulfate as a TRO neutralizer. The sodium thiosulfate concentration at the salinity of 32 PSU was found to be 4 mg/L for the 10 mg/L of TRO produced with NaOCl. At 32 PSU, Ma and Ca did not appear to affect residual TRO concentrations.

Breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be used as non-invasive markers for disease. We intended to use needle trap device (NTD) as a sampling device to collect breath and then to analyze VOCs in breath by the gas chromatograph - mas s spectrometer (GC-MS). However, we realized many artefacts came from sampling tools related to this experiment. In the beginning, we wanted to use a storage system using tedlar bag but artefacts such as phenol was discovered and we change method of using glass syringe and syringe pump to adsorb to NTD just after sampling. Other than that, investigate artefacts by hand and adsorbent, and breath of smoker (Isoprene ↑, toluene, smell of tobacco) and nonsmoker (Isoprene, p-ethyl benzaldehyde) was analyzed and compared.

Endotoxin in dust generated at agricultural environments is known to contribute to occurrence of farmer's lung. Iimmunological markers related with respiratory allergy was evaluated for bovine husbandry workers, and compared with the age-sex matched non - agricultural subjects. Peripheral bloods were collected from 6 workers at 3 bovine farms, and 14 control subjects. Peripheral mononuclear cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin for 72 hours. Level of various cytokines produced at culture supernatants was determined using commercially available ELISA kit. Plasma levels of IgE and IgG subclass were determined. Concentration of inhalable and respirable particulate matter in indoor of the bovine farms was evaluated, and endotoxin level in the dust was measured by Limulus Amebocyte Lysate Kinetic QCL method. Level of endotoxin in the inhalable dust was approximately 154 EU/m3, and 9 EU/m3 in the respirable dust. Plasma IgG4 level, a humoral indicator for allergic propensity, was higher in the milk cow farmers tan the control. Ratio (interferon - γ vs interleukin-4 or intrleukin-13), indicating immunologic skewedness against allergic reactivities, was lower at the milk cow workers compared with those of control subjects. Even though sufficient number of bovine husbandry workers and farms were not investigated, this study suggests in general that immunological function of milk cow farm workers exposed to high level of endotoxin could be modulated toward allergic reactivities.

For successful fabrication of graphene-reinforced adhesives, the specific surface modification of graphene was key issues to provide better dispersion of graphene and to obtain a higher adhesion by chemical bonding between the polymer matrix and the graphene particles. The surface hydroxyl groups of the as-received graphenes were modified via hydrolysis of N- (3-trimethoxysilyl propyl) - 4 - hydroxy butylamide as a surface modifier to create reactive methylol groups on the surface of graphene. Resol-type adhesives reinforced with methylolated graphenes were prepared and evaluated. As a result, the methylolated graphene was found to be effective in providing a higher adhesion strength and thermal stability of the adhesives, due to chemical grafting to resol resin.

This study investigated the work load of each farm-work process, occupational health related problem situation, perceived fatigue symptoms, and body parts with musculoskeletal disorders symptom for fruit crop farmers (n=27) and vinyl house seed farmers(n=44). Results showed that for vinyl house work, the workload of cultivating process showed the highest stress, while pollination/thinning out and crop during process induced high workload for fruit crop farming. Eduction about the preventive method of toxic gas/dust/vibration/noise was not conducted for 88% of the respondents. Perceived fatigue results showed that the house seed farmers was 39% which was higher than the fruit crop farmers(20%). Forty four percentage of fruit crop farmers showed musculoskeletal symptoms (pain, ache) in the shoulder, and 37% for hand/wrist, and 26% for the knee. However, the house seed farmers showed MSDs symptoms the highest percentage in the knee(59%), and low back(50%), hand/wrist(39%), shoulder(34%). These results indicate that there is a quite big difference between the fruit crop and house seed farmers in the aspect of workload for each farming step, occupational health control practices, perceived fatigue, and body parts with MSDs symptoms. Thus, nationwise scale survey for different crops, farming methods should be conducted to understand and prevent the health related problems of the farmers.

(Central) auditory processing disorder ((C)APD) is a perceptual disorder thought to result from the neurological problem that affects auditory process. To diagnose the (C)APD as a definite disorder differently from the other related disorders, a variety of psychoophysical and electophysiological tests have been developed. Of them, the present paper aims to examine the principle and procedure of psychoophysical tests currently used for localization/lateralization, auditory discrimination, temporal processing, dichotic listening, and monaural low-redundancy speech perception as essential areas of auditory processing. It needs to develop more additional tests to establish the diagnosis and management of (C)APD effectively on the multidisciplinary approach.

A series of N-(4-(2-(2-(2-(2 -mercaptoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)phenyl)-2-((4- phenyl - 5 - (pyridin - 2 - y 1) - 4H -1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - y 1) thio) acetamideand their analogues were synthesized.

In order to exploit the novel algicidal bacteria as a useful biological agent against harmful algal blooms (HABs), marine bacterial strain was isolated. The inhibitory effect for the growth of HAB species was examined. The isolated strain DC-31 exhibited significant algicidal activity against HAB species, Alexandrium catenella and Chattonella marina. The isolated algicidal bacterium was identified as Janibacter sp. The algicidal activity of the isolate was bacterial growth-dependent, since the strongest algicidal activity occurred in early stationary-phase cultures. A concentration of < 5% showed strong algicidal activity against A. catenella and C. marina. These results indicates that the algicidal activity of DC-31 is potentially useful in controlling HABs. In addition, it was demonstrated that the filtrate of DC-31 were very effective at killing or inhibiting of HAB species.

In this study, we investigated the possible influence and related mechanisms that have yet to be clearly demonstrated of Glycine max derived-genistein on the antianxiety or anesthesia. Genistein (5,7- Dihydroxy - 3 - (4 - hydroxy phenyl) chromen - 4 - one) which exert protective effects on the cardiovascular system through mechanisms that have yet to be clearly demonstrated, is a hydroxylated isoflavone, a type of flavonoids found in Glycine max (Fabaceae). However, there are no reports on the antianxiety or hypnotic properties of genistein, the primary ingredient of Glycine max. We hypothesized that genistein plays a role in the modulation of insomnia or anxiery evoked by elevated plus maze. Male Institute of Cancer Research mice were used and the duration of sleep, duration and entry frequency into open arms were measured and recorded. The present study was carried out to evaluate the antianxiety and hypnotic effects of genistein. The administration of genistein (30 and 100 mg/kg) increased b arbitur ate - induced sleep suggesting the activation of GABAA receptor. It also increased the duration and entry frequency into open arms in the maze. In conclusion, genistein has hypnotic and antianxiety properties and is a potential therapeutic for anxiety and insomnia.

This paper examines the characteristics of thermal storage floor heating system and compares the heating characteristics of thermal and non-thermal storage floor heating systems through field experiments. In addition, the heating energy consumption of the two heating systems were measured and used as the basis for performance evaluation. Our results are as follows: ① The two floor radiant heating systems showed extremely uniform temperature regardless of location and height of the indoor space, which effectively improved the thermal comfort of the room. ② Non-thermal storage floor heating systems were found to elicit relatively fast thermal responses and were thus effective for intermittent heating that requires a fast thermal response. ③ It was confirmed that the longer the heating operation time and the higher the set temperature of water, the higher the indoor globe temperature rose. ④ The initial long-wave radiation of non-thermal storage floor heating systems, which exhibits a relatively rapid rise of the bottom surface temperature, was high, but subsequently thermal storage floor heating systems showed higher long-wave radiation than that of non-thermal storage floor heating. ⑤ In this comparative experiment, non-thermal storage floor heating required only 27% of energy compared to its thermal storage counterpart.