Purpose: The purpose of this mixed method study was to examine effects of the self-transcendence enhancement program among patients with drug addiction, and to explore their experiences through the program. Methods: For the quantitative study, a non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental design was used. The sample was 49 hospitalized patients with drug addiction. The self-transcendence enhancement program was provided twice a week for 6 weeks. Quantitative data were analyzed using x² test, t-test and ANCOVA. For the qualitative study, 12 patients in the experimental group participated in a focus group interview, and data were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: After the intervention, there were significant improvements for the experimental group in self-transcendence and declines in depression compared to the control group. From the qualitative findings three themes were identified as the change process after the intervention: `looking back at myself`, `gaining confidence through small changes`, and `finding meaning in life`. Conclusion: Results suggest that the self-transcendence enhancement program can be utilized as a nursing intervention program for patients with drug addiction.

Purpose: This study was to investigate effects of the dementia family education program on dementia recognition, burden, and depression in caregivers of elders with dementia. Methods: Aquasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre and post design was used with 52 caregivers of elders with dementia living in D city. Data were collected from August 12 to December 12, 2013. The dementia family education program was provided to the experimental group once a week over 8 weeks, for 90 minutes per session. Data were analyzed using x² test, Fisher exact probability test, t-test. Results: Experimental group participants who took part in the dementia family education program had higher dementia recognition scores than the control group that did not participate (t=3.79, p<.001). Experimental group participants who took part in the dementia family education program had lower burden and depression scores than the control group that did not participate (t=-2.90, p=.006) (t=-2.22, p=.034). Conclusion: The findings indicate that the dementia family education program enhances dementia recognition by caregivers of elders with dementia and lowers burden and depression in these caregivers. Use of the dementia family education program is recommended as an effective nursing intervention for caregivers of elders with dementia.

Purpose: This study was done to identify public attitudes toward mental illness, and to use Q methodology to build understanding of the differences among these attitude types. Methods: Q Methodology was used to examine the public`s attitude on mental illness. Thirty participants classified 33 selected Q-statements on a seven-point scale to create a normal distribution. The collected data were analyzed by using the PC QUANL program. Results: Four types of attitudes toward mental illness were identified. Type I was named `Pursuing positive attention and patience regarding serious human rights`; type II, `Demanding the abolishing of prejudice through various media`, type III, `Emphasizing social responsibility at a distance from mental illness`, and type IV, `Focusing on reversible treatment of the disease`. Conclusion: In this study, the general public has presented a nursing intervention strategy that can provide support that allows for a positive recognition of mental disorders in accordance with the characteristics of each type.

Purpose: The aimof this study was to identify the parenting experience of mothers who have teenage girls with conduct disorders and to identify the meaning and structure of their experiences. Methods: This study was a qualitative research based on Parse`s researchmethod. Participants were 9mothers who had a daughter diagnosed with conduct disorder at a community hospital in the central region of South Korea. Results: The core concept on the parenting experiences of mothers of teenage girls with conduct disorder were survival against a violent environment, a sense of guilt related to the conduct disorder, confusion and frustration concerning mother`s role, and hope for the future. The experiences of thesemothers can be defined as the process of human becoming with powering and transforming while connecting-separating and enabling-limiting with valuing. Conclusion: This research is expected to contribute to understanding ofmothers` suffering and struggling and be useful in developing nursing care for clients with conduct disorder and their mothers.

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify emotional labor, nursing work environment, self-efficacy and happiness index and address factors associated with happiness index to provide basic resources for national psychiatric hospital nurses` happiness at work. Methods: Participants were 249 nurses working in 5 national psychiatric hospitals. They participated in the survey and data were collected from May 16 to July 30, 2016. Data were analysed using SPSS/WIN 22.0. Results: Mean scores were nurses` emotional labor, 3.89, nursing work environment, 2.77, self-efficacy, 3.77, and happiness index, 3.52. There were significant differences on the happiness index for: department, type of work, career length, position and payment. Happiness index was influenced by self-efficacy, work environment and emotional labor. Explanatory power of these variables was 36.9%. Conclusion: These results show that self-efficacy and work environment are important factors related to the happiness of the national psychiatric hospital nurses. Additionally, developing an effective program to facilitate self-efficacy of nurses and research studies to identify effects of such a program are required.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the level of care burden for patients with mental illness, attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing competency in non-psychiatric nurses and to identify correlations among these variables. Methods: Data were collected from 153 non-psychiatric nurses who worked at a hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Care burden for mental illness patients, attitudes toward mental illness, and psychiatric nursing competency were measured using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe? test and Pearson`s correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Non-psychiatric nurses` care burden for mental illness patients showed negative correlations with attitude toward mental illness (r=-.50, p<.001) and intervention competency (r=-.31, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that effective nursing care for patients with mental illness in non-psychiatric departments requires enhancing nurses` competency in psychiatric nursing and developing positive attitudes toward mental illness.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate character strengths, physical and mental health status of the homeless. Methods: Data were collected from November 2014 toMarch 2016 through the VIA-IS questionnaires and the DESC vulnerability assessment tool. The participants were 120 adultmen living in two self-reliance support facilities for homeless people, located in S city, Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Physical health status of the participants was as following: `chronicmedical conditions that were not well-managed or significant physical impairment` 11.7%, and `stable significant medical or physical issues, or chronic medical conditions that were being managed` 46.7%. The mental health status included mild 23.3%,moderate 11.7%, and seriousmental health issues 4.2%. There were no significant differences in physical health status by signature character groups, while mental health status (F=2.46, p=.038) of the courage group was worse than that of the temperance group. Conclusion: Findings indicate thatmental health status of homeless people should bemanagedmore appropriately and effective nursing interventions need to be developed using their signature character. However, further research about physical health status by signature character of the homeless is needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of the experience of maintaining employment for people withmental disabilities. Methods: The research design was a descriptive design using Q-methodology, which is a method of measuring subjectivity. Twenty-one participants classified 34 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The PC-QUANL software program(a factor analysis program for the Q technique) was used to analyze the Q-sort data. Results: Three types were extracted that described different expressions of the experience of maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities; these types explained 52.3%of the total variance. Type I is `Workplace support`, Type II is `Self-management`, Type III is `Experience integration`. Conclusion: The results of this study provide an understanding that there are different types of experiences for maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities and each type has certain characteristics. In future studies, it would be helpful to develop customized nursing interventions for psychiatric nurses while occupational rehabilitation services are being provided.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of homeless persons. Methods: A phenomenological methodology was used for the study. Participants were people enrolled in the Center for homeless persons in Kyunggi Province and eligible for the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with nine participants between October 13 and November 16, 2016. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi`s method. Results: Five themes and twenty meanings were formulated for experiences of homeless persons. The five themes were `Abandoning their life`, `Being familiar with a free homeless life`, `Being isolated from the world`, `Being impoverished`, `Desire to break away from the life of homelessness`. Conclusion: The study results suggest the need for a holistic understanding of the essential structure of the lived experiences of homeless persons. Mental health professionals need to understand the homelessness experiences from the client view and to develop programs that can help homeless persons reintegrate into the community.

Purpose: In this study an examination was done of the effects of a team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence for undergraduate nursing students in South Korea. Methods: A quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group pre- and post-test design was used. Participants were 68 undergraduate nursing students recruited from two universities. The experimental group (n=35) received a 5-week team-based learning program on enhancement of communication competence, while the control group (n=33) received traditional lectures. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires before and after the intervention, and were analyzed using x² tests, Fisher`s exact tests, and t-tests. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes in communication efficacy (t=2.58, p=.012), communication ability (t=12.01, p<.001), and learning satisfaction (t=2.11, p=.039). Conclusion: The findings indicate that this program is an effective intervention strategy to enhance communication competence for nursing students.