사회주의 경제학은 계획의 실패를 해결하기 위한대안을 제시하며 발전해왔다. 구소련을 중심으로 형성된 최적계획이론은 효율적인 계획수립을 위해 도입되었으며 발전과정에서 경제개혁에 대한 논의를 확장시켰다.북한은 최적계획이론이 발전했던 1960년대 당시 이를 수정주의라 비판했지만 1990년대 이후 발간되는 경제학 논문들에서는 최적계획이론을 다루는 글들이 종종 발견되고 있다.이논문은 최적계획이론의 발전과정에 비추어 현재북한 경제학의 흐름과 이론의 변화가 경제제도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다.1990년대 이후북한은 계획의 합리화를 위해 금액중심 지표를 통한 계획수립을 시도하고 있다. 2002년 7.1 조치에서 식량의 시장가격을 기준가격으로 결정한 것은 기준재화의 암묵가격 계산을 시장이 담당하도록 하되,이를 토대로 다른 상품의 가격을 계획함으로써 계획의 합리화와 계획체제정비를 동시에 달성하고자 하는 의도로 볼 수 있다.
Orthodox economic theory ofsocialism was born as a form of Marxist-Leninist ideology and traditional method of planning was characterized by material balance planning, over-centralization, and reliance on administrative methods for economic management. In 1950-60s, new trends of socialist economics and planning methods were first proposed in Soviet Union and influenced the other socialist countries. At that time declining growth rates, pervasive imbalances and inefficiencies,all these systemic defects have served as a continuous pressure for change. On the one hand mathematical methods and the optimization theory were incorporated into the study of economics,on the other hand input-output analysis and computerization in planning process were introduced to the centrally planned economies. Optimal planning theory has influenced to economic reform in socialist countries, but the results were very diversified. In Soviet Union, optimal planning theory was developed to SOFE(the system of Optimally functioning Socialist Economy). But optimal planning experiment with SOFE tended to be a social engineering apart from real economic situation. In 1960``s, while criticizing optimal planning theory as Revisionism, North Korea reinforced the control of material balance planning through ``the Unified and Detailed Planning system``. Although North Korea adhered material balance system longer than any other socialist countries,it began to grope the change of planning methods and the introduction ofmonetary balance planning system in mid 1980``s.A series of economic reforms are as follows. Decentralization of Associated Enterprise, revision of the wholesale price calculation,anattemptofinput-outputanalysis. Economic management Improvement measures on July 1. 2002 serves as a momentum which is the completion of transition to monetary balance planning system. The change of price system began with accepting the market price of food.The whole plan can be made outby price index based on the marketprice offood.Marketsignalbegan to influence planning process. Also recently publishing economic articles introduce new trends of planning theory such as diversified input-output analysis, optimization theory and the simulation of price calculation. These studies cannot be tried without monetary balance system.
UCI(KEPA)
I410-ECN-0102-2016-340-000633589
간행물정보
: 사회과학분야 > 정치/외교학
: KCI등재
:
: 반년간
: 1225-7478
:
: 학술지
: 연속간행물
: 1989-2020
: 714
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