This study examined how loneliness, family cohesion, family conflict, and parent-adolescent communication were associated with smartphone addiction symptoms. Three hundred and forty-five middle school students completed measures of loneliness, family cohesion, family conflict, and parent-adolescent communication. t-tests, correlation and regression analyses revealed gender and grade differences in smartphone addiction symptoms. The results indicated that loneliness, family conflict, and lack of communication were related to smartphone addiction symptoms, while family cohesion was inversely related to smartphone addiction symptoms. The results also revealed that loneliness, family conflict, and lack of parent-adolescent communication significantly predicted smartphone addiction symptoms after controling grade and gender, emphasizing the role of family relationship in solving problematic smartphone usage. Results were discussed in terms of their implications for prevention and intervention.