'미국 우선주의' 외교정책을 기조로 하고 있는 트럼프 미국 대통령은 2020년 1월 28일 '번영을 위한 평화: 팔레스타인과 이스라엘 국민의 삶을 개선하기 위한 비젼'이라는 중동 평화정책을 발표했다. '평화 · 번영 정책'의 핵심 내용은 미국과 이스라엘이 준수해야 한다고 결정한 몇 가지 조건 하에 1947년 유엔이 결의한 두 국가안, 즉 '생존 가능한 팔레스타인 국가'로 가는 길인 '현실적인 두 국가 해결책'이다. 그러나 전체적인 내용으로 보아 '평화 · 번영 정책'은 '이스라엘 편향성'을 띠고 있다.
본 논문은 트럼프 대통령의 '평화 · 번영 정책'의 주요 내용과 이에 대한 PA와 하마스의 공동 대응에 대해 논하고 있다.
아랍연맹 회원국 중 사우디아라비아, UAE 등 주요 아랍국가들이 '평화 · 번영 정책'을 지지함으로써 팔레스타인인들은 외로운 반 이스라엘 독립국 건설 투쟁을 하고 있다. '경쟁과 협력' 관계에 있는 PA와 하마스는 공동으로 대 이스라엘 투쟁을 하기로 했으나 아직까지 특별한 무장 테러는 없다. 트럼프 대통령은 '평화 · 번영 정책' 비젼이라고 했지만 팔레스타인인들에게는 '비젼'이 아니라 악몽이 될 것으로 보인다.

US President Trump, based on the 'American First' foreign policy, announced the Middle East peace policy on January 28, 2020, “Peace to Prosperity: A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People.”
The key to the 'Peace to Prosperity' policy is the 'realistic two-state solution,' which is the path to the two states that the United Nations resolved in 1947, the 'Survivable Palestinian State,' under some conditions that the United States and Israel decided to comply with. However, as a whole, the 'Peace to Prosperity' policy has a 'Israel bias'.
This paper discusses the main contents of President Trump's 'Peace to Prosperity' policy and the current joint responses of the PA and Hamas.
Palestinians are struggling for a lone anti-Israeli independent state building, with major Arab countries, such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE, supporting 'Peace to Prosperity' policy among Arab League member states.
PA and Hamas, in a “competition and cooperation” relationship, agreed to struggle for independent state building against Israel, but there is no special armed terrorism against Israel yet. President Trump said it was a 'Peace to Prosperity' policy vision, but for Palestinians, it seems to be a nightmare, not a 'vision'.

The Arab Spring has various implications on the Middle Eastern regime survival. The Jasmin revolution that has influx from Tunis to Yemen brought the subversion of regimes and the civil uprising. Although Gulf monarchies have shown its resilience in several events such as the wave of Pan-Arabism and the Iranian revolution of 1979 as well as Iran-Iraqi war in 1981, the Arab Spring and people's demand for democracy was a huge threat to the Gulf monarchy system. This research argues the similarity of regime type plays a critical role in creating a strong alliance of Gulf monarchies which has become the strong shield of the wave. Thus, this research aims to evaluate what kind of conventional elements has been discussed to affect the monarchies' resilience against internal and external threat. Moreover, for the accurate assessment, this research limits the time period from the 2011 to 2014 since the regime change occurred predominantly during these 4 years through election or upheaval.
Based on the alliance theories of International relations, the main variants that has dealt in precedent research on Gulf monarchies regime security was analyzed. Rentierism, legitimacy of its government, tribalism as political and regional culture and institutional differences. Add to this point, the formation of the alliance and ideological solidarity which represented as the establishment of Gulf Cooperation Council and Peninsula Shield Forces, and military intervention with Saudi Arabia and PSF to Bahrain was brought as case study to this research. Through these case studies, the importance on similarity of regime type in regime survival of Gulf monarchies was studied.
The regime type and ideological solidarity were the key factor that the gulf monarchies have successfully formed its alliance during the Arab Spring. Therefore, understanding of relationship between two variants will help us understanding the regime survival of Gulf monarchies, while giving us further insight into the same types of regime's survival in other region.

Why has Israel recently been active in strengthening cooperation with Arab countries led by the UAE, especially the Khalifa Haftar forces in eastern Libya? One of the key reasons is to build hubs for exporting the natural gas produced in Eastern Mediterranean gas fields of Israel's offshore, including the Leviathan and Tamar gas fields, and to secure a safety net for export gas pipelines to Europe.
But Israel's gas exports and reserves are not high compared to other countries in the region. Thus, in the long run, Israel appears to dream of the hub of regional gas pipeline passages beyond its neighbors.
The cooperation and struggle of the countries to export Israeli natural gas produced in the Eastern Mediterranean will provide an important clue to understand the complex political landscape of the Middle East as a whole. This paper is to identify the complex political landscape in the Middle East, which is activated around inter-state cooperation for Israel's natural gas exports.

The aim of this paper is to analyze WH-movement and specify the bounding nodes. The bounding nodes are one of the local constraints which are related to subjacency condition. According to subjacency condition, the bounding nodes play a role of constraint on the transformations in the sentence. It means that the bounding nodes prohibit the long-distant movement of the sentential constituents. In other words, the sentential constituents are not accepted to move from a source place to a destination place over two bounding nodes. To accomplish the aim, this paper specifies the bounding nodes in WHmovement. The bounding nodes are different from language to language. Also, some nodes in a language do not play a role of constraint according to the syntactical information of the verb. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on the confirmation of the universal properties of subjacency condition in Arabic sentence, and the specification of the parameters of the bounding nodes in Arabic sentence.

This research aims to analyze the linguistic features of the news texts of al-Jazīrah and al-'Arabiyyah in terms of phonology, syntax, semantics, vocabulary, vocabulary coinage as a typical standard language of modern Arab society. Generally speaking, the media is divided into two categories: written media and spoken media, while written media refers to newspapers and magazines, spoken media refers to television and radio broadcast etc. Considering this importance, we will analyze the linguistic features of news Arabic focusing on al-Jazīrah and al- 'Arabiyyah, which are regarded as the representative spoken media in the Arab world. Al-Jazīrah is the largest Arab satellite news broadcaster since its foundation in November 1996 and is called CNN in the Middle East. Al-'Arabiyyah is located in Dubai, and is the news channel established in March 2003, broadcast in modern standard Arabic to a pan-Arab audience. In this research we will look at the overview of al-Jazīrah and al-'Arabiyyah and analyze the linguistic features of the news texts of the two medias in terms of phonology, syntax, semantics, vocabulary, and coinage. And also we will study the effects of these linguistic features on the development of modern standard Arabic.

Ibn Khafāja, who became the natural poet by singing the most poems about nature among the Andalusian poets, sang the beauty of Andalus until his life. He was heavily influenced by the Arab traditional poem 'Al-Qasīḍah' and tried to follow the traditions of previous poets. Along with this, he tried to build a poem with a structure and meaning different from that of Arab traditional poems, and unlike traditional poems with a spatial background called desert, his spatial background was Andalus with a beautiful natural environment. Ibn Khapāja sang the beauty of Andalus nature in his poems, the love of lovers, the friendship of friends, and the joy of drinking wine. However, as he grows older, he also writes poems contemplating his own life approaching death, the loneliness he feels after letting go of his friends and feelings of passing away.
In particular, in 'Al-qasīḍah Al-bā`iyah', one of his representative works, he concentrates on the traditional theme of 'Raḥīl' and sings a description of the mountain. For Ibn Khafāja, this mountain is personified and is a mountain that protects oneself by talking to one another. He sings of hope and sings of a life of traveling alone to a new destination. This tendency is characteristic of the poems of Ibn Khapāja, which is quite different from the traditional Arab poetry.