Mat Johnson's Pym (2011) is a satirical parody in which he anatomizes Edgar Allan Poe's The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket for the purpose of lampooning American colonial and racist subconsciousness. Pym repeats The Narrative with a similar plot and characterization, but creates a chasm in which its reader can see the contradiction of white ideology including white supremacy and imperialism inherent in The Narrative. Moreover, analysis of generic ideology as it relates the Romance novel and American Romanticism enables us to stand against lingering racist discourse in American culture. In so doing, Johnson employs a technique of metafictional parody as a counterpart to the American romance novel, which has long been considered a representative American literary genre. Johnson associates American Romanticism with historical and political dimensions at the time of rising nationalism and racism, using postmodern strategies, including intertexuality, parody, and self-reflexivity. In this way, Pym becomes a place where the journey from American romanticism to postmodernism takes place.

What is the seminal ingredient to family disfunction? As my uncle repeatedly advised, the noblest virtue is honesty; so avoid its opposite. To be wholly honest is simple enough in theory, but not consistently easy in practice. In the artistic works of Toni Morrison, John Steinbeck and August Wilson, family dysfunction is salient - the key factors of denial and dishonesty are what decimates family relationships generationally. How and why do we get stuck in our failing ways? It is by lying; it is by denying objective reality. In the end, do any of these three classic writers offer hope, either explicitly or implicitly? What does this say about these three well-known literary protagonists in American literature? (Yongin University)

To forgive others, we should deal with traumatic experiences and then freely choosing to stand up for ourselves, not being led by our perpetrators. To ask for forgiveness, we should prove to ourselves we're guilty for the rest of our lives, showing our ultimate authenticity and truthful integrity, pleading for forgiveness. The daily practise of self-overcoming makes this happen, through Butler's definition of nonviolence. By doing so, we're been able to attain the realm of genuine forgiveness, potentially affecting other violent societies to be influenced by the principles of forgiveness. With the definition of J. Butler about nonviolence, daily practice of forgiveness is important even if it is hardly performed by self. (Chonbuk National University)

This paper explores the world of the Lacanian letter in relationship with its presence in Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. His novel draws our attention to the correlation between the narrative and letter-ness of the 'portrait' in question. The letter's role in the narrative creation is primordial for not only that is the cause-well of the creation but also the entrance of the characters who possess the letter and their respective exit, such as in the Walz, deprived of that letter constitute the very narrative web. According to Lacan, as does Joyce himself, this letter reveals itself as the 'litter,' the remnant objet on the shore of the Real, the gap. The more accurate location of that shore is, in fact, the overlapped inbetween the Real and the Symbolic, where, amongst others, the indescribable Real under the manifesting fractal forms of Subject, existence, cogito, objet a, drive, and other more reside. Therefore, one can discover that Joyce's narrative strategy was, though unaware of Lacanian letter, to locate his young protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, in that place of inbetween, let him dwell there and become the letter itself, a bird-letter-man. Likewise, the letter's multiformity opens the era of the 'letter a' after the objet a. Furthermore, we go from the letter directly to the creation mechanism for the imagination is living out of the letter-Real; The vicissitude itself of his letter constructs the narrative fabric as Lacan showed us. (Kyungpook National University)

The social, political atmosphere of Britain in the eighteenth century was extremely intense as the country was intimidated by the revolutionary France. Therefore, the British government encouraged anti-revolutionary and patriotic spirits in its cultural organs such as journalism and literature. In this article, I would like to study how British literary atmosphere of the eighteenth century was influenced by anti-revolutionary and patriotic spirits and how it in turn contributed to the reproduction of them. In doing this, I would like to narrow down the period of my study to by around March 1793, when the French Revolutionary Wars broke out. I will focus on Richard Brinsley Sheridan's less explored but still important text, The Camp(1778), to discuss the significant influence of patriotic spirits on British literature of the eighteenth century. The English literature during the Revolution and the French Revolutionary Wars could not be radical or intense as both literary organs, legitimate and illegitimate, had to be conscious of the eye of the censorious government. (Jeonbuk National University)

While the shift to online education in spring 2020 was a response to the unique crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it may mark a turning point in how education is delivered. Towards preparing for a future in which computer-based educational platforms are the norm, this study compares the outcomes of traditional face-to-face and online university English courses. It has three main goals: (1) to compare student achievement in traditional face-to-face lecture and recorded online lecture classes; (2) to compare attendance rates in the two types of course; and (3) to explore correlations between achievement and attendance in the two types of course. The findings show only a small gap in attendance rates, but significantly better average final test scores in face-to-face lecture courses. It can be concluded that academic outcomes of students are affected by education platforms. However, higher average final scores correlate with lower attendance rates, and the online course, which had the highest attendance rate, also had the lowest average final score. (Korea University)