The article analyses the refugee dilemma and the differing reactions and attitudes in European countries. It concentrates on the mass immigration to Europe since 2015. The main focus here is on Germany, which had accepted the highest number of refugees. It shows that after a phase of welcome culture, attitudes in part have changed towards rejection and rising xenophobia. Extreme right parties have gained support all over in Europe by using immigrants as scapegoats for downsizing welfare, rising inequality, and unemployment. The article not only shows the causes of flight and reactions on mass immigration but also proposes human alternatives, which is missing in publications on the “refugee crisis” in Europe. These proposals would help to minimize the -sometimes- deadly trip to Europe, and furthermore, would reduce the immense challenge of integration in the European societies and help to defend democratic culture.

In a globalizing world, Korean Americans political participation is being increasingly shaped not only by their demand for empowerment in the United States―the nation of their citizenship―but also by their desire to manage their increasingly transnational lives and to fully maximize economic opportunities on the other side of the Pacific. While finding meaningful political power in the diverse and contentious American society has been a slow process, Korean Americans have found much more success in the interstitial political space of globalization and transnationalism. Within the past two decades, Korean Americans have been wooed by the South Korean government and the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce for various political and policy objectives. More specifically, this paper examines three specific laws and policies that demonstrate this transpacific turn in Korean American politics: 1) Overseas Korean Act (1999); 2) Visa Waiver Program (2008); and 3) Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement (2012). This shift in the political orientation of Korean Americans signals the increasing importance of transnational dynamics in ethnic political incorporation.

This study aims to examine the early history of baseball in Cuba and analyze the nationalism and racism in Cuban baseball history. The Cuban ethnic identity was created through comprehensive mechanisms such as the Spanish colonization period, the period of U.S. intervention in Cuban domestic affairs, and slavery. Cuba struggled to become Cuban (Cubano) through a full-fledged struggle against Spain during the Spanish colonization period that started in 1868. Among the many leaders who led rebellions, some liberated all of their slaves, and encouraged them to become engaged in the independence of Cuba. In the late 19th century, the country that Cuban intellectuals desired was a country where there was no racial discrimination among Blacks, Whites, and Mulattos. During this period, baseball spread from the U.S., and became ingrained into the minds of Cubans who aspired after their own independent state. Baseball started to place itself as the Cuban people's sport. In reality, in the early 20th century when Cuba was ruled by the U.S., and a number of factors appeared in Cuban baseball, but this excluded racial discrimination. In 1900, San Francisco, a baseball team of black Africans, appeared in the Cuban baseball league. Such a baseball team of colored people could not be found in the mainland U.S. in the early 20th century. This was a way for baseball to make quite a contribution to settling racism. This study explains about the nationalist characteristics of Cuban baseball in the late 19th century and the antiracist features in the early 20th century, and why baseball remains a symbolic sport in Cuba.

The purpose of this paper is to show whether the newly instituted independent director system implemented by the CSRC (China Securities Regulatory Commission) which took into force in 2002 has fulfilled its original objective of stopping misdeeds of controlling shareholders. This mandatory requirement demands that at least one-third of the entire board of each listed firm in China be independent directors.
As to the question of whether or not this newly installed independent director system has made a difference in improving the prevailing corporate structure of listed firms in China, there has been no definitive affirmative or negative response among experts on corporate governance regime of China. Against this background, this paper argues that for effective transplant and workings of the independent director system in the context of the state-controlling shareholding structure, two supplementary legal systems such as court active guidance and regulation of the standard of fiduciary duties and derivative suits need to be developed further. Notwithstanding the urgent need of these legal supplementary institutions, in light of gaping failures in ensuring that Chinese courts and judges cope with and work as an effective judicial institution in applying standard of corporate fiduciary duties and using the derivative action as a vehicle for fiduciary claims, thus suppressing and deterring the illegalities of controlling shareholders that harm listed companies, the independent director system appears to have fallen short of its stated objective.

Considering Chinese constitutional framework today, local governments play an important role in management of World Heritage Sites. Traditional governance of organizational, institutional, and economic natures is a practical reflection of efficiency-orientated incentives. Owing to over-emphasis on technological and instrumental rationality, local governments are prone to dilemmas and legitimation crises such as lack of public responsibility, low governing efficiency, administrative monopoly and prominent social issues. Therefore, we propose a paradigm shift pertaining to the traditional model of public administration which requires governance innovations and theoretical breakthroughs.

This research aims to investigate the linkage between female human capital and the economic growth of Vietnam, by employing Auto Regressive Distributed Lags Model (ARLD) and Toda-Yamamoto Causality Test. Hence, the research adopts gender-specific human capital as an independent variable along with other factors, namely physical capital and male human capital. In this context, a human capital formation is proxied by an arithmetic average of health and education indicators. The long-run and short-run coefficients of physical capital, female human capital, male human capital and economic growth are explored by the empirical model using annual time series data, 1985-2018. The bounds test approach is applied to examine the cointegration relationship in the long-run of the studied variables. The results showed that the long-run relationships exist among variables. The empirical results show that both physical capital and male human capital affect the economic growth in Vietnam significantly. However, the female human capital has no significant impact on the economic development of Vietnam. A positive causal relationship from GDP to female human capital is found. Nonetheless, there is no causal relationship from female human capital to other variables. This result implies that female human capital is not effectively developed in the Vietnam economy. However, economic development contributes to the improvement of education and health condition of women in Vietnam.

The 21st century is the Century of the Ocean. As a resourceful trove for human society's sustainable development, the ocean has been playing an important role for many coastal countries and regions on marine economic development. Nowadays, an increasing number of coastal countries and regions have been paying more attention to the development and utilization of marine resources and space, and marine high-tech industries in order to earn more shares in the international competition for marine resources and development.
Recently, Marine economy has been playing a more important role in regional economic growth and social culture's integrative development. Since the proposal of the 12th five-year plan from the state council, which adheres to the coordinated development of both land and sea, the outline of China's marine economic development has been boosted vigorously in Qingdao after the approval of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economy Zone Development Plan.
Based on the superiority industry theory and China's marine economic researches, this paper makes comprehensive use of literature analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis to discuss the current situation and characteristics of Qingdao's marine economy and the tendencies of its marine industrial development. It then summarizes the role of the competitive industries in the development of Qingdao's marine economic development.
Lastly, this paper gives some constructive advice based on the policy-making perspectives from three dimensions which are the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry.

In 2015 the SDGs replaced the MDGs. This new set of goals coalesce around a general theme of inequality. This article will argue that in order to understand how SDGs are to be managed, governed, and realised the role of the state in this process must be robustly theorised and contextualised within a world of multi-level governance. Therefore, a robust theory of the state must be outlined to generate an appropriate ontology of state (non)intervention with regard to solving the key developmental inequalities associated with the suite of SDGs. In addition, global, regional, and local actors all influence the ability to achieve these goals; yet the state remains a key institutional site where power coalesces. Therefore, the roles of this plethora of development actors must be delineated to reveal the nature of state power in a 21st century characterised by key processes of globalisation.