This paper deals with the memories of the First World War related to Japanese operations. They are associated with Malta and India. Although the Japanese Navy committed to the War in both the Mediterranean region and Asia as one of the Allied forces, the Japanese have concealed the memories of their operations in these two regions for a long time. As for the Mediterranean operations, the shifting interests of the Japanese public's usage of the past encourage them to retrieve the WWI memory which reassures Japanese role as a British ally and which reminds contemporary Japanese of keeping the spirit of humanity and philanthropy at any time, regardless of danger. The First World War presented the Japanese empowerment which encouraged Indians attempting the liberation of their country from the British colonial occupation. Some Indian revolutionaries had a considerable amount of influence over Japanese intellectuals. They developed the idea of 'Pan-Asianism,' which the Japanese later transformed into the imperialistic idea of Greater East Asia Co-prosperity, for emphasizing the Asian unity and justifying Japanese invasion into Asian counties. Contemporary Japanese concealed such war memories. By introducing the cases of Malta and Asia, the author analyses how the war memory of Malta stresses the Japanese role as one of the Allied forces, and how the latter conceals the ideological links between Japan and India espousing the movements against the Western colonial occupation of Asia.

The Asia-Pacific region is vast, with diverse cultures and political systems, yet all countries are connected by the common resource, the seas. Through limited, shallow regionalization, and globalization in general, the sea links are becoming stronger and the exploitation of the seas is rising, forcing the sovereign states to cooperate in even more fields, from transport, to natural disaster early warning systems, to security, to fisheries. Whilst these individual areas are seeing a growth in cooperation agreements, the ASEAN region has yet to follow the European Union in establishing an integrated maritime policy that brings all industries that use the seas and oceans under one umbrella. The EU's integrated policy encompasses transport, energy, fishing, tourism, and trade with a view to forging the sustainable use of the seas. This paper looks at the main reasons why ASEAN and its plus members are unlikely to establish an integrated maritime policy, namely the various territorial disputes across the region and the unwillingness to cede sovereignty that such an integrated policy demands. As such, this paper assumes that an integrated maritime policy in Asia is required, but alas is infeasible with the ASEAN Way.

As the region with the most serious air pollution in China, Hebei Province, which is close to Beijing, is facing stringent environmental regulation. In face of the continuous pressure from the central government, most areas in Hebei Province, represented by Handan City, have carried out high-intensity campaign-style environmental governance. However, Chengde City, which is also in Hebei Province, adopted different strategies. In order to explain the differences, this paper constructs a resource mobilization framework for the campaign-style governance, namely “control-incentive-negotiation” framework. The framework is tested by taking the air pollution regulation in Handan and Chengde in 2017-2018 as examples. The study found that despite the unprecedentedly strengthened authority of the central government since the 18th CCP National Congress, under the combined effect of theater politics, differentiated incentives and implicit negotiation, if a region faces too many political tasks, the local government will choose the operations and policies that are the most beneficial for itself. The research results is helpful to understand the campaign-style environmental governance in China, as well as the vertical intergovernmental relations.

China-Mongolia economic and trade relations have experienced different stages of development along with changes in international political and economic relations. China has become Mongolia's largest trading partner and largest investor for more than a decade. Therefore, studying the bilateral trade structure and characteristics of China and Mongolia will further promote economic cooperation between the two sides. Based on the previous research literature, the author conducts an analysis at the industrial level, making the bilateral trade structure more specific to product classification. And through research, it is found that the comparative advantage products of China and Mongolia have formed perfect complementary, and Mongolia's resource-oriented products have obvious advantages, but China prefer to export manufactory goods, which is exactly what Mongolia needs. So based on the results of index, the author give the political suggestion to contributed to the bilateral trade development between China and Mongolia.

This study investigates the effects of foreign direct investment on the Kyrgyzstan economy from 1990 to 2017 using annual data with foreign direct investment inflows and per capita gross domestic product (GPC) as the main focus. Quantitative method of research using Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model executed with E-views analytical software has been used in the analysis process. Correlation method was carried out to see the relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth. The results in this study indicate that FDI has no impact on economic growth of Kyrgyzstan. The findings of this study suggest that the Kyrgyzstan government need to adopt policies that focus on enhancing the impact of foreign direct investment in the economy. Policies such as bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, channeling adequate resources in infrastructural development, curbing the negative climate of doing business for foreign companies which has been perpetuated by the Kyrgyz people and eradicating corruption and bureaucracy will help boost many sectors of the economy most especially the agricultural and mining industry. These policies will help influence and promote the impact of foreign direct investment in the country and hence invariably increase economic growth of Kyrgyzstan.