The purpose of this study is to examine the translation patterns of two literatures, focusing on the translation order of predicates(verb, adjective) of 『Worinseokbo』 and『Beophwagyeongeonhae』. Looking at Korean translation sentences of Chinese classics that the Chinese characters of the original text were translated into predicates(verb, adjective) in the two literatures, there were some cases where the translation order was the same but there were many cases where the translation order is different. Thus, the difference in the order of translations of predicates is deeply related to the order of translations of the nouns constituting the argument, which leads to a difference in syntactic structure of Korean translation sentences of Chinese classics. This difference in translation order was attributed to the difference in the attitude of Korean translator of Chinese classics who translated the original Chinese characters. In other words, while『Worinseokbo』was been translated too liberally, 『Beophwagyeongeonhae』was been translated too literally, which leads to a difference in the order of translation of predicates.

This paper investigates certain properties of the Specificational Right-Dislocation (SRD) constructions in Korean. Based on the (im)possibility of case/postposition-drop from the appendix, it is shown that the SRD is derived by ellipsis or from a pro source. As an argument in favor of the ellipsis approach, I present strong parallelism between SRDs and fragments. In particular, it is shown that the parallelism holds with respect to the variability of the Clause-Mate Condition effects and that it is best captured under the ellipsis approach. Finally, the paper discusses the shared adnominal SRD, where the adnominal appendix appears to be shared by the two conjuncts in the host clause. I suggest that the sharedness of the appendix favors the ellipsis approach. Specifically, I suggest the shared appendix is multi-dominated within the two conjuncts in the appendix clause, followed by subsequent application of movement and ellipsis.

This paper investigates the process of grammaticalization of the concessive preposition in (the) face of from a diachronic and synchronic perspective. Exploring the development of the newly emerged concessive marker is conducted by using of historical and Present-day English sources represented by the Oxford English Dictionary, the Helsinki Corpus, ARCHER and the British National Corpus. With tracing the historical development, its semantic extension patterns are illustrated with respect to the cognitive mechanisms, such as metaphor, metonymy and subjectification. From a corpus-based analysis, distributional characteristics of this item is also examined in terms of its stylistic functions and frequency of occurrences across genres. Furthermore, the level of grammaticalization of this item is investigated by the analysis of the connection between frequency and the process of grammaticalization.

The present study examined whether social information conveyed by talker voices affected the perception of lexical pitch accents of Kyungsang Korean currently undergoing a sound change, and explored how individual listeners' judgment was correlated with their personality traits measured by the Autistic Spectrum Quotient (ASQ). A goodness rating task observed twenty-five Kyungsang-speaking adult listeners judging a set of resynthesized stimuli varying age and sex of talkers, and then an identification task asked listeners to identify the talker of the stimuli. Results indicated the talker age effect showing the greater goodness rating scores for older talker stimuli than younger talkers, but listeners misidentified the stimuli as younger talkers'. Some trend effects were observed with female listeners for overall and sub ASQ scores. The finding reveals the effect of social stereotype for aged talkers, suggesting that social information interplays with acoustic information in processing suprasegmental properties.

This study advances the claim that the different grammatical categories of English heterosemy up were derived from the common source lexeme. This study also aims to illustrate semantic and categorial changes of English heterosemy up tracing its origin to the lexical source.

This paper is concerned with how sequence 'duration phrase/frequency phrase+de+NP/DP' is interpreted. In this regard, this paper makes three major claims: first, when a lasting property comes into play in a given sentence, the sequence 'number+ classifier+time/frequency+de+NP' produces relative clauses, and second, Chinese relatives result from 'head de base- generation plus noun movement' mechanism, and third, when the sequence modifies VP, the duration phrase/frequency phrase raises to Spec, Chomsky-adjunction VP out of DP.

This study is to consider the conceptual metaphors as well as the concepts and shape of animal in Russian animal idioms. We also examined the semantic structures and characteristics of idiomatic phrases through the use of conceptual metaphor for Russian idioms with animal names. As a result of metaphorical thinking based on human cognition, we can see that idioms have been actively formed and expanded. Amid the various attributes that animals possess, which can relate to their appearance, attitude, or relationship to other animals, it appears that attitude is the predominant attribute. Animals in idiomatic expression symbolize human beings, situations. By examining the Russian idiomatic expressions related to animals, this paper has unveiled a number of characteristics that reveal the way of thinking of Russian people.