This paper aims to analyze the syntactic structure of the Hungarian negative sentences, which show some grammatical aspects in their word order as opposed to affirmative sentences, within the framework of the X-bar theory of Alberti Gábor and Medve Anna (2005). In Hungarian, which is rich in the system of morphology, the Negative Phrase(=NegP) is not a functional category, but free lexical adjunct to X' structure. We examine the syntactic category of the NegP, and its relation with non-lexical functional categories such as topic, quantification and focus. We also analyze the syntactic structure of negative sentences realized in the negative word “sem” and in Negative Concord sentences. In conclusion, we confirm that negative sentences in Hungarian are generated by the same syntactic categories and principles as affirmative sentences.

Building on Seog and Choi's (2018) documentation of the early to intermediate interlanguage development of Korean learners' English modal use, the current paper focuses on the highly advanced Korean learners and sheds light on the spectrum of interlanguage of Korean EFL learners in acquisition of the English modal verbs. For investigation and analyses, two learner corpora, the KNU Student English Learner Corpus-Written (KSELC-W) and the KNU English Learner Corpus (KELC), and a native speaker corpus, the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), are utilized. Corpora comparisons and log-likelihood tests are conducted to reveal differences in the modal verb usage. The results show that in contrast with the early or intermediate young learners of KELC, the advanced learners of KSELC-W overuse the preterite forms of modal verbs such as could, would, and should. In addition, the learners productively and accurately used would to deliver the hypothetical sense while rarely using the modal verbs to express the epistemic sense. This study can represent the overall process of the Korean learners' acquisition of English modal verbs.

In this paper, we analyzed one of language crimes, solicitation, in terms of speech act theory. Language crime is based on utterance, so the linguistic analysis of utterance is essential for the explanation of crime. Especially speech act theory is more helpful in analyzing language crime than other theories, because the theory provides explanations of language use in view of the communication. Solicitation corresponds to 'Erfolgsdelikte' like most languages crime. Therefore, the crime is summarized in terms of speech act theory as follows: the utterance of solicitation has the illocutionary act 'requesting' and the perlocutionary act 'getting'. Due to the defect of the perlocutionary act, we depend on the felicity condition of the illocutionary act 'requesting' to judge if an utterance implies solicitation. The explanations presented in this paper provide an objective analysis of language evidence. As a result, we can say that the linguistic analysis can supplement the legal comments in the judgment or replace some incorrect legal comments.

The problem of pain language has long been the subject of medical and nursing attention, and has been discussed variously in many medical-related writings. However, this problem still remains unresolved Therefore, this study aims to systematically categorize vocabulary areas that represent pain from a linguistic point of view and analyze their characteristics in depth to provide a theoretical framework for pain diagnosis.
The correct conceptualization of the pain vocabulary described in this study and the new classification of the pain vocabulary based on it can improve the problems of the existing study and make a practical contribution to building a more efficient questionnaire for pain measurement.

This paper addresses interesting extraction patterns in nominal ellipsis. Based on Han, Kim, Moulton, and Lidz's (to appear) recent proposal that the internal structure exists in null argument position in Korean, we investigate under what context a constituent could be extracted from the nominal, part of which has been elided. This paper demonstrates that extraction out of phasal ellipsis is prohibited but it is possible from phasal complement ellipsis (Bosković 2014, Sakamoto 2019). We will take numeral-classifier (NumCl) constructions into consideration and explain the derivations of either a NP host or a NumCl phrase being stranded in nominal ellipsis. We argue that the standard NumCl structure, in which a number head takes the NP in its complement position, is incompatible to the argument ellipsis approach since it would over-generate. As an alternative, we adopt the Relator head-based analysis for nominals where the host NP merges SpecRP and the NumCl phrase merges complement position of RP (den Dikken 2006, Park 2009), and argue that the alternative approach is superior to the standard analysis for the distribution of NumCl constructions in nominal ellipsis.

This study concerns demonstrative translation. Usually, world languages feature two or three directives. When translating between two languages with three demonstratives, a choice must be made as to which of the three demonstratives to translate. When translating "Eto (this)" in Russian into Korean, it can be translated as either "i" or "ku." It is said that the translation into "i" or "ku" depends on the situation. However, as the results of this situation are not constant, this study proposes selection criteria for “i” and “i” based on morphological criteria. The morphological criteria used in this study are cataphora, tense, kind of predicate, and personal pronoun. If subjectivity is strong, then “i” is used. If objectivity is strong, however, then “ku” is used. As a result, situations in which 'i' should be used are as follows: The first case is when the anaphora, the present tense, the adjective predicate, and “itta” predicate, as well as the antecedent clause and the following clause are in the first person . The second case is when the anaphora, the present tense, the “~e itta” predicate, and the antecedent clause is in the first person. In all other circumstances, “ku” should be selected.