In this study, as the target data, 『Wolin Seokbo』(1459) Volume 11 to Volume 19 (excluding undiscovered 卷16) and 『Beophwagyeongeonhae』(1463), which correspond precisely to this, were used as the target data. I tried to examine how to translate, focusing on'lexical differences'. To this end, in this paper, examples showing lexical differences in the translation of Chinese characters or Chinese characters in the original text were extracted, categorized based on parts of speech, and presented with specific example sentences. As a result of comparing the two documents, it was found that it was rarely found that Chinese characters or Chinese character phrases in the original text corresponded to the same part of speech and words, and were translated. As they were translated into different parts of speech, it could be confirmed that they were being translated into different words or phrases. In addition, the lexical differences in the two documents were found to have been realized by reflecting the interpreter's translation attitude and publication purpose in terms of literal and paraphrase.

The purpose of this study is to study the linguistic characteristics of digital communication from SNS posts posted by the Seoul Special City. Among the social media operated by the Seoul Special City posts posted on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram for three months from March 14 to June 15 were collected as the primary data, and the 51 posts were extracted as a common topic data. As a common theme, this study summarized the general characteristics of the Seoul Special City's SNS based on the posts posted by the Seoul Special City on each SNS media, and analyzed the characteristics of each platform. Through these discussions, it was possible to examine the linguistic characteristics of the Seoul Special City's SNS. In particular, it was found that the topic of the posts posted was different according to the function of the media for each SNS, and language characteristics of each SNS were actively shown differently in the posts of the SNS media. This study may serve as a basis for future studies on the linguistic characteristics of digital social media communication languages of public institutions.

This paper investigates whether differences in information structure between Korean and English can influence Korean EFL learners' translation of English passives, especially in written texts. Previous studies, which support the plausibility of this study, have revealed that the EFL learner's L1 can affect their translation of English passives. Therefore, to test the effect of information structure, the study examined Korean EFL learners' translations of English passives into Korean. Analyzing the Korean sentences produced by 73 participants in a translation quiz, as well as their English ability in a grammar quiz, it was shown that difference in information structure may affect the Korean EFL learner's translation of English passives. In particular, participants avoided using the Korean passive when translating English passives into Korean. This phenomenon appeared consistently, regardless of the learner's English ability. The study suggests this phenomenon as the effect of information structure. Moreover, it might be implied that difference in information structure can be posited as one crucial factor leading to the difficulty that Korean EFL learners encounter when they learn English passives.

The present study investigated whether acoustic cues used in a native language affected the detection of voicing contrast of word-initial stops in a second language. Native Japanese and Korean listeners participated in an identification experiment with modified natural speech tokens along six steps of VOT continuum intermixed with six steps of F0 continuum. The results showed that both the Japanese and Korean listeners utilized VOT cues in detecting voicing contrast. However, the two listener groups demonstrated differences in sensitivity to F0 cues. The Japanese listeners were less sensitive to the change of F0 values than the Korean listeners. The Japanese participants relied more on VOT and less on F0 compared with the Korean listeners. The asymmetry of sensitivity to F0 cues was displayed across the three places of articulation of English stops. These results indicated that the second language listeners utilized acoustic cues in a language-specific way. The limited use of F0 cues in perceiving voicing contrast of English stops shown by Japanese listeners was discussed in terms of their use of F0 to cue lexical pitch contrast in their native language.

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the grammatical change of exception-marking prepositions, focusing on exception markers derived from verbs and functioning as preposition: except, excepting, bar, barring, save, saving, and excluding. This paper describes the grammaticalization process qualitatively and quantitatively. That is, the syntactic and semantic changes of the respective prepositions are qualitatively expounded in terms of grammaticalization principles and mechanisms and their common characteristics identified. Quantitatively, the frequencies of those items under discussion are identified with the help of the two corpora, the British National Corpus and Corpus of Contemporary American English.

Spanish behaves differently from English in the context of comparative (sub-)deletion in which degree or quantity variable is elided, but the whole comparative sentence is interpreted as involving such variable. While English comparative (sub-)deletion does not have to employ any specific strategy for the well-formedness of the comparative sentence, the Spanish counterpart requires either inversion or gapping; otherwise, it is ungrammatical(Price 1990; Reglero 2007, 2013; Sáez & Sánchez-López 2013). In this paper I discuss some issues involved in comparative (sub-)deletion constructions in Spanish, in particular with reference to the inversion and gapping strategies involved therein. I show that previous works on Spanish comparative (sub-)deletion do not satisfactorily account for empirical data. I also examine whether the two strategies above can be applicable to both partitive comparatives as well as comparatives in the form of relative clauses.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the consonantal systems of six Indo-Iranian languages with both phonetics and phonological point of view. The languages under the discussion are three Indo-Aryan languages(Hindi-Urdu, Bengali, and Sinhalese) and three Iranian languages(Persian, Pashto, and Kurdish) both of which are sister languages of the Indo-Iranian language family. The phonetic approach to the consonantal inventories are based on the occurrence frequency of the speech sounds' types. We have established more than 20 standards for the universals of the consonantal systems of the language in question based on 451 UPSID phonetic data. According to the phonological approach, on the other hand, phonological systems are structured by means of distinctive features rather than phonetic categories. It is claimed that five phonological principles are required to understand the structural tendency of a sound system of natural languages. While the phonetic approach is focused on the 'difference' among the sounds' type, the phonological approach based on the 'opposition' of speech sounds in a language. In this paper we discussed the six of Indo-Iranian languages in both terms of phonetic and phonological point of view(Hankuk University of Foreign Studies).