Manganese causes the black water of tap water. In this study, we investigated the effect of electrolysis for the removal of manganese under various conditions of electrode type, contact time, operating voltage, and catalyst use. The following results were obtained. The manganese removal rate is proportional to the contact time. The difference of manganese removal rate between the titanium electrode and the manganese dioxide coated electrode was not significant. The manganese removal rate was increased as the voltage increase up to 24V. However, it was slightly decreased at 30V. Manganese removal was not increased by electrolysis combined by aeration but the rate was rapidly increased by electrolysis combined with hydrogen peroxide.

Full safety inspection and full safety examination performed for the safety and maintenance of buildings are important tasks to prevent necessary negligent accidents and to take necessary measures such as repair and reinforcement according to the result. However, when performing the full safety inspection and the full safety examination, there are many problems in the inspection using various equipment such as the gradient, level, strength, carbonatization depth, and reinforced state of the main structure. Therefore, this study investigates the problems that appear from the practical point of view during the Full safety inspection and Full safety examination and suggests the improvement method.

Tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) with 3 to 5 mol% of yttria are mainly used as a dental zirconia implant material. For good mechanical properties and thermal stability, high sintered density over 99.5% and the particle size under 0.3 ㎛ are required. In this study, commercially available 3Y-TZP powders for zirconia implants were analyzed, and investigated the sintered properties, for examples, phase composition, sintered density, and microstructural evolution. The primary particles and granules of the commercial 3Y-TZP powders showed the different morphology and size, depending on the powder manufacturing company, and powder type caused the difference of phase composition, sintered density and microstructure. After the sintering at 1500℃ for 2 hours, each specimen showed a particle size of 0.23~0.33 ㎛, which was suitable for implant materials, but the sintered density varied from 98.5% to 99.3%.

This article considers an operational capacity planning problem that occurs in a High-tech electronic manufacturing company. In the problem, we do not consider any capacity expansion but determine the allocation configuration between items and parallel facilities. A challenge of the problem is to control inventory holding days. The objective function of the problem is to minimize the total cost of inventory, production and resource allocation costs. We propose two integer programming models for the problem and test them with real world problem instances.

Hizikia fusiforme, a brown algae, is a major polysaccharide composed of alginate and fucoidan. In this study, the extraction of the useful substance using the organic solvent is generally avoided and a simple biocompatible / eco-friendly extraction method is devised to obtain an extract containing the water-soluble polymer polysaccharide as the main component from the dried or raw Hizikia fusiforme. In this study, the water soluble polymer polysaccharides were prepared with enzyme digestion and recovered with ethanol precipitation. The changes of reducing sugar content and protein content were observed and the molecular weight distribution was analyzed after enzyme digestion. Molecular weight measurements were performed using HPAEC and HPLC to reveal the constituents of the fraction material having anti-obesity bioactivity. The molecular weight (MW) of the extract was analyzed using a RI (Refractive Index) detector using a GPC column (PSS Suprema 1,000Å). Dextran (MW: 5, 12, 50, 150, 670 kDa) was used as a standard. As a result, polysaccharides composed of fucose, galactose and xylose (Average molecular weight: 18.5 kD) were identified. The IC50 value was determined using an enzyme extract having the best inhibition rate in the anti-obesity activity inhibition experiment. viscozyme, celluclast and alcalse were 14.06, 11.27, and 10.02 mg/ml, respectively, indicating that alcalase is most suitable.

Ten species belonging to the genus Dicranopteris are distributed throughout the world and Dicranopteris pedeta (Houtt.) Nakaike is distributed in Korea. In this study, the antioxidant and anticancer activities of Dicranopteris pedeta aqueous extract was explored. Antioxidant activity of Dicranopteris pedeta aqueous extract was revealed with a range of 38% to 74% in the DPPH radicals test. The total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of aqueous extract were 92.5 ± 8.68 mg GAE/g and 28.04 ± 4.08 mg QE/g, respectively. Protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, rutin, vanillic acid, hesperidin, oxyresveratrol, quercetin, and naringenin were detected by HPLC. Cytotoxicity test was conducted using MTT assay in normal cells 293T, cancer cells of YD-10B and HeLa. In the cytotoxicity test, aqueous extract did not show toxicity to normal cells but inhibited cancer cell proliferation. These results suggest that aqueous extracts of Dicroanopteris pedeta could potentially be developed as a functional cosmetics or anticancer agents.

The current trend in the education is developed with the e-learning system, which has the real-world learning effects even in virtual space with the development of advanced digital technologies. However, the lack of a system to train and evaluate acupuncture has led to an education that is not objective in Korea. In this paper, the dummy and MR contents are proposed for the increase of the effectiveness of the education of the acupuncture point, which requires the most mastery at the oriental medical college in universities of Korea. It presents the convergence between the proposed dummies and contents, rendering speed of the contents, the matching rate of the proposed dummy and the data of the acupuncture points.