Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a model that describes the health related quality of life in working women with preschool children and to verify the goodness of fitness of the model. Methods: The data were collected with a structured self-report questionnaire from 483 working women with preschool children. Results: The modified model showed a reasonable fitness to the data. Social support, job satisfaction, parenting stress, sense of coherence and depression accounted for 78% of the health related quality of life in working women with preschool children. Conclusion: This study suggests that the health related quality of life in working women with preschool children can be improved by reducing parenting stress and depression level, and by increasing social support, job satisfaction, and sense of coherence. Depression can also be managed by reducing parenting stress and by increasing job satisfaction and sense of coherence. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop intervention programs to increase the health related quality of life or to decrease depression in working women.

Purpose: This study is aimed to identify the health-related quality of life for children with a mentally ill parent. Methods: The 13 participants were school-aged children whose parents were registered at the D Regional Mental Health Welfare Center. Data were collected using one-on-one interview with illustration cards and analyzed by content analysis. Results: The participants were living a difficult life in anxiety amid a reversal of parent-child role, such as doing housework and taking care of their parents. The study revealed a love-hate family relationship that the participants wanted parental recognition and attention but they were frustrated by insufficient parental care and sibling conflict. Nevertheless, they only had each other themselves to trust and rely on. Their mixed health awareness and negative emotions were influenced by parents. Some of participants were exposed to dangerous environment such as domestic violence, and they need support system for help in difficult situations. Sometimes they felt happy by satisfying physiological, social, and self-esteem needs. They also showed a positive potential that they were matured more than peers through the experience of overcoming difficulties. Conclusion: Not only were there not enough attention and support for the children with mentally ill people, but they were also exposed to an environment that threatens their physical or mental health. Therefore, to improve their health-related quality of life, there should be some integrated support of the community health system to cope with the challenges they face.

Purpose: As the daily life experiences of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities are closely correlated to mental health recovery, this study aimed to analyze their daily life experiences in depth to determine their significance. Method: Participants included eight community-dwelling people with mental disabilities. A total of 12 in-depth interviews were conducted once or twice per participant. The collected data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis method described by Giorgi. Results: The daily life experiences of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities were categorized into the following four components: “encountering shocking reality in the outside world”, “life tied down by the mental illness”, “happiness and gratefulness encountered in daily life”, and “wishing for a change and self-sustaining life”. Conclusion: This study found that the recovery and welfare of community-dwelling people with mental disabilities were promoted and that these patients made necessary efforts to become a member of the local community. These findings could be used as a reference for establishing social welfare policies which enable people with mental disabilities to participate as functioning members of the community that facilitate the prevention of relapse, to promote their integration into the community. Furthermore, the present results will contribute to the development of nursing intervention programs to promote recovery and prevent relapse, to ultimately establish a mental health management system.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore ecological factors and strategies for childhood obesity prevention targeting vulnerable children using a community-based participatory research (CBPR) methodology. Methods: The CBPR was conducted by following basic process steps. Participants were 12 community stakeholders such as community child center directors (n=4), vulnerable children's mothers (n=3), community health center officials (n=2), and lay health advisors (n=4); they were purposively sampled from K municipal county in Seoul, South Korea. The qualitative content analysis was performed to explore main themes of the ecological factors and strategies by using data obtained from 5 times of focus group interview. Results: Twelve ecological factors associated with childhood obesity prevention were identified: Intrapersonal factors including emotional overeating; interpersonal factors including permissive parenting style of children's eating behaviors; organizational factors including social workers' less educational opportunities; and community/policy factors including less government financial support. Four ecological strategies for childhood obesity prevention were addressed: Developing obesity prevention programs targeting vulnerable children' lifestyles; promoting parents' active participation in education; building healthy meal service environments through empowering social workers; and building supportive community environment and securing community resources for child obesity prevention. Conclusion: Our findings may be informative in terms of providing a comprehensive understanding of multi-level ecological barriers against vulnerable children' obesity prevention and, moreover, guiding multi-level strategies for preventing childhood obesity targeting children enrolled in community child centers.

Purpose: The study was conducted to identify the relationship between subjective family class and suicidal ideation and to determine the double mediating effect of social support and sense of coherence on their relationship. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from 2015 Korean Psycho-social Anxiety which was a population-based representative was performed. Double mediating effects of social support and sense of coherence on suicidal ideation were analyzed using the PROCESS macro (model 6) with bootstrapping methods. Results: Subjective family class directly influenced social support (β=.20, p<.001) and sense of coherence (β=.10, p<.001). Subjective family class directly influenced suicide ideation (β=-.08, p<.001). Sense of coherence was directly influenced by social support (β=.28, p<.001). Suicide ideation was indirectly influenced by subjective family class through social support (β=-.22, p<.001) and sense of coherence (β=-.36, p=.001). The size of direct effect of subjective family class on suicide ideation was 0.24 and the total size of indirect effect was 0.12. Conclusion: Intervention to improve social support and sense of coherence is needed to prevent the suicide among adolescents.

Purpose: This study is to identify how the meaning in life, depression, and social support influences the suicidal ideation of old adult hemodialysis patients. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A descriptive correlative study was conducted through an organized and structured self-administrated questionnaire survey for 120 sampled old adult renal dialysis patients. The collected data were analyzed by t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis using the Stata 13.0 program. Results: The suicidal ideation of participants was positively correlated with the meaning in life, and social support, and the depression was negatively correlated with the suicidal ideation. Significant factors influencing the suicidal ideation included the meaning in life, depression, social support, age, caregiver, monthly income, and smoking. These factors explained 68% of the variance. Conclusion: The depression of old adult hemodialysis patients was a major risk factor that increased suicidal ideation, and the meaning in life and social support was a protective factor that reduced the suicidal ideation. These results suggest that health professionals should provide old adult hemodialysis patients with proper management of suicidal ideation, and depression as well as its meaning in life, and social support.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality in the relationship between academic stress and social network service (SNS) addiction tendency among adolescents. Methods: The participants were composed of 204 high school students who were enrolled at private schools in Incheon metropolitan city. Data were collected from August 16 to September 10, 2019. The collected data were analyzed using a regression analysis, and SPSS Process Macro was used to test the mediating effect. Results: The direct effect of academic stress on SNS addiction tendency and the indirect effect of academic stress mediated with sleep quality about SNS addiction tendency were statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings suggest that positive intervention for academic stress and effective intervention program enhancing sleep quality should be provided for adolescents in order to prevent SNS addiction.

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the discrimination of the elderly using welfare centers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 217 elderly people from a welfare center in D city. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey consisting of ageism experience, social participation attitude, social support, and empowerment. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were performed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: As a result of analyzing the correlations among the variables, the discrimination experience of the elderly showed negative correlations in social participation attitude and child relationship support. The factors affecting the discrimination experience of the elderly include gender, job, smartphone use, and child relationship support had a significant effect. The explanatory power of the discrimination experience of these factors was 15.4%. Conclusion: This study found that gender, job, social support, and smartphone use were factors influencing the discrimination experience of the elderly. It is hoped that public relations and policy measures should be considered.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interpersonal caring program for young North Korean defectors which we developed based on Kim's interpersonal caring technique. Methods: This study employs a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects of this study are 36 young North Korean defectors living in three areas. The participants are recruited through alternative schools, churches, and acquaintances. The experimental group consists of 20 participants and the control group consists of 16 participants. Experiments are conducted by four days. Specifically, the experiments are conducted eight times and each takes about 120 minutes. Furthermore, we run the camp for two nights and three days. We test our hypothesis by using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Independent t-test, Paired t-test, and Independent t-test. Results: All the test statistics support our hypotheses such as self-esteem (t=1.87, p=.035), mental health (t=-1.69, p=.049), interpersonal relationships (t=1.93, p=.031), and quality of life (t=1.88, p=.034). Conclusion: We found that the interpersonal caring program developed in this study is effective in improving North Korean defectors' self-esteem, mental health, interpersonal relationships, and quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current state and trends of health literacy research considering migrants living in South Korea. Methods: A review of the literature was conducted using electronic data base and citation tracking. A total of 82 articles were identified, of which 16 articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review. Two authors reviewed the articles independently using a matrix table and then examined four aspects of the studies jointly: research method, immigrant characteristics, health literacy assessment, and main findings. Results: Most of the articles (n=13) were descriptive studies and three were methodology studies for instrument development. Of the 13 studies, eight involved female immigrants, four of health literacy involved migrant workers, and four concerned North Korean Refugees. A total of eight types of health literacy assessment tools were used. Sufficient samples and sampling methods were lacking at the population level. Conclusion: The results of the review generally showed that the health literacy of immigrants was lower than that of native South Koreans, and that there was a difference between nationality and gender among immigrants; however, further research is needed to review a larger sample with a validated instrument.