Purpose This research focuses on the industry architecture as a tool for an effective value-based strategy. The architectural advantage is determined by the complementarity of the core assets used in value creation and the mobility of the complementary assets.
Methods The major industrial structural characteristics from the value creation and approprication(VCA) perspective, are analyzed using network analysis metrics.
Results This research identifies companies that within architecture advantage and analyzes the relationship between company performance by measuring the complementarity of core assets used in value creation and the mobility of complementary assets.
Conclusion This research presents a method of measuring the architecture advantage using a weights of transactions based on the frequency and strength of transactions occurring in transaction network.

Purpose This paper addresses a supply contract problem for a two-echelon supply chain (SC) consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer where products are sold during a selling season. A buyback supply contract is a supply contract strategy to tackle a double marginalization problem caused by a commonly-used wholesale contract. This paper addresses the problems associated with a profit share between manufacturers and retailers, and the retailer's tendency toward risks.
Methods The relationship between the retailer's share of an SC's profit, and the optimal combination of wholesale and buyback price is examined. A revised buy-back contract is presented for risk-averse retailers where the retailer's profit share is maintained while profit variability is controlled under a target level. Mean-variance analysis is applied in the new buyback algorithm.
Results Numerical examples are given and the performance of the revised buyback contract is examined. The effect of changes in wholesale prices and buyback prices on total supply chain profits is examined through numerical analyses.
Conclusion The presented algorithm makes it possible to realize a target profit while satisfying a retailer's risk level. Future works about supply contracts are discussed for real-world market environments.

Purpose The purpose of identify the strategic factors for the more efficient revitalization of SMB venture companies.
Methods This study is to conduct empirical analyses on the measurement variables on sample companies.
Results The outcomes of this study were as follows; First, the competence of the top management had a positive impact on the restructuring strategies and the managerial innovation strategies, which are the revitalization strategies. Second, the competence of the top management turned out to have a positive impact on financial and non -financial performances, which are the performance indicators for revitalization. Third, the restructuring strategies and managerial innovation strategies, which are revitalization strategies, had a positive impact on the financial performances and the non-financial performances, which are the revitalization performance indicators. Fourth, the restructuring strategy had a valid mediating effect in the relationship between the competence of the top management and the financial performance.
Conclusion However, the mediating effect did not stand valid in the relationship between the competence of the top management and the non-financial performance. Also, the managerial innovation strategy was confirmed to have a mediating effect in both the relationships between the competence of the top management and the financial performance/ non-financial performance.

purpose. This study is about PSM's process improvement and performance verification in the service and distribution sector. It is intended to present an improvement model for industries that PSM's process are not settled and overlooked.
Methods. In this study, we analyzed PSM methodology, implemented improvements, and analyzed key performance monitoring data to identify the effects expected after the PSM improvement. The dilemma of decision-making for the new supplier evaluation and selection were tested for validity through z-test and Correlation analysis
Results. This study shows, After PSM and SRM improvement, quantitative measurement data was obtained that decreased the shortage and order cycle time, increasing work efficiency. The selection and evaluation of supplier through fair procedures increased the satisfaction level of the supplier and increased the level of the supplier creditworthiness. Result of Analyzing the difference in competitiveness between the bidding price and quality of new and long-term supplier, there was no significant difference.
Conclusion. The results illustrate that PSM's procedures can enhance the trust and induce the challenge between buyer-supplier in the service and distribution sector. The management of PSM's standard work procedures and improving the accuracy of information through the SRM system is a way of strategic purchasing.

Purpose To perform the gun ammunition test in a timely manner, we intend to improve the shooting test operation method and collect relevant data to present the results of statistically analyzing the improvement effect of the organization operation method.
Methods The test preparation time for the K676 Propellant Charge was used for analysis. Data measurement, collection, normality and homoscedasticity were confirmed, and hypotheses were tested before and after improvement of the test organization using a statistical program.
Results As a result of statistical analysis, it was confirmed that the difference between before and after the improvement of the organizational operation method was significant at the significance level of 0.05.
Conclusion It is expected to shorten the time until test preparation is completed through process improvement, reduce the workload of senior shooters, and improve test safety and test quality by securing sufficient shooting test time.

Purpose Economic analysis is one of the most important factors in the decision-making of the feasibility of businesses or projects. However present economic analysis methods are not satisfactory to find out the optimal alternative because of (1) the conflict among the results of each analysis method, and (2) the neglect of the preference level or strength in the results of each analysis method, and (3) the lack of confidence of the input data for analysis, especially for the future incomes. To confront and solve these three invisible or hidden problems is the purpose of this paper.
Methods To solve those problems, this paper develops and suggests the three improved methods respectively. Those are (1) method of AHP and method of utility evaluation, (2) the utility estimation method, and (3) the data collection checklist.
Results Those suggested methods help to decide the level of importance of the results out of each economic analysis method, so that it could make the order of acceptance throughout the suggested alternatives. And the proposed checklist makes the input data more correct and reliable.
Conclusion Proposed three theories of economic analysis would contribute to the optimal choice among the alternatives which can be happened in the investments or businesses.

Purpose Improving the current Korean keyboard for users.
Methods Systematic approach to interrelated issues to increase usability and compatibility of human factors aspect.
Results The proposed Korean computer keyboard improved 4 factors, as no-shift typing, the Kor/Eng conversion, reverse solidus problem, and true Korean-̄English combined keyboard with additional symbol characters.
Conclusion The results illustrate a total improved Korean computer keyboard.

In the 4th industrial revolution, smart factory in manufacturing industry has carried forward as a critical industry policy in most countries. Manufacturing industry has established its smart technology environment appropriate for its manufacturing fields in order to increase its competitiveness. Especially, smart factory in small-medium manufacturing industry is very important for its innovative production and operation activity, and for the efficient betterment of its manufacturing performance. In order to reasonably manage and improve smart factory, we need a rational measurement framework to efficiently gauge a smart factory technology capability of small-medium manufacturing industry. This research develops a measurement scale for smart factory technology capability of small-medium manufacturing industry. The developed measurement framework for smart factory technology capability is verified by reliability analysis and factor analysis based on previous literature. Hence, this study presents a 12-item measurement instrument that can examine the smart factory technology capability of small-medium manufacturing industry in a smart technology perspective.

Purpose This study aims to overcome limitations with the previous studies and promote the management of pallet-type racks to replace A- and L-frame racks for the logistics rationalization of processed plate glass, proposing plans for improved corporate competitiveness through the simplification of logistics process and the increased efficiency of transportation and delivery.
Methods A logistics rationalization model development for plate glass to increase the competitive edge of processors of processed and finished plate glass with cost elements restricted to transportation costs of products to the orderer at retailers and construction sites and loading and unloading costs.
Results The numerical analysis is conduct to prove the validity of the development model. The excellence of the model was demonstrated through numerical analysis.
Conclusion The study also developed a model to rationalize logistics and thus increase the competitiveness of logistics by the management of pallet-type racks, maximizing the vehicle loading efficiency, and lowering the loading and unloading costs through the standardization of transportation and handling units.

Purpose In this study, we tried to analyze the relationship between disruptive innovation and creativity by considering the creative ideas or the thinking systems associated with disruptive innovations that disturb existing industries and businesses. In addition, we attempted to grasp the merits and challenges of the creativity codes as a thinking tool for product development that can be appropriately utilized in companies and markets through idea-generation techniques in product development and business strategies.
Methods Disruptive innovation cases were divided into new market-centered disruptive technology and low-end market-centered disruptive technology, and considered the relationship between new customers and new situations for consumption. Based on the classified results, analysis using TRIZ 40 invention principles, SIT the 5 thinking tools and BCC the extended 6 thinking tools were conducted to examine the frequency of utilization of each thinking technique.
Results TRIZ invention principle, SIT and BCC thinking tools can be used in both disruptive innovative technical and non-technical fields by applying high priority thinking codes.
Conclusion Depending on the nature of the technology and the destructive point of view, it is possible to meet the needs of customers and help the enterprise's efficient strategy through the TRIZ invention principle, SIT, and BCC thinking tools.