The purpose of this study is to suggest work-in-process, throughput, and cycle time as measures of day to day monitoring for the front-line managers. In capital intensive industries where gathering more returns from their expensive assets is important, it is common that their management focuses on, among other indices, utilization whose numerator (i.e., work volume) and denominator (i.e., capacity) are not expected to be controllable by the operations function.
In this study, a case study of an automotive subcontractor whose operations alone explains most of its profit was performed and transactions - the amount of upstream factory's incoming orders and daily production were obtained and examined through 'internal benchmarking,' a framework that operations managers can self-evaluate his/her factory's current state. The company's shop floor was modeled with stock flow diagram and simulated to show how a different production plan could result in avoidance of excessive cycle time.

Fintech has been one of the most outstanding emerging markets in the world last decade. This integration of IT-based technology and traditional banking is restructuring the individual's financial activities as well as the banking market itself. Among many forms of fintech, e-Pay among other type of fintech is considered as the leading market player technology with the largest volume of market size, number of companies involved, and usage in the world. With an enormous potential, fintech affects various economies in different ways; use of fintech is being settled in some countries as de facto standards, whereas some countries like Japan and S. Korea are slow to foster it. Given the fact that Korea equips relatively well in terms of telecommunication technology, the related infrastructure, and IT-favoring culture, the slow growth of Fintech market in Korea is rather surprising. By looking into the case studies of the e-Pay markets in China, Indonesia, and Korea, this essay is to provide an macro-level analysis on 'path-dependence' related formation of positive feedback in the fintech markets. Then, I will point out that the formation of 'critical mass' is the key implication for the fintech market growth strategy in Korea in the aspect of the formation process of de facto standards.

The purpose of this paper is to build a system dynamics simulation model of varieties of capitalism. The two-industry small open economy model is focused on the labour market. Liberal and coordinated market economies are characterized by high and low elasticity of wage and labour demand respectively. Simulation results show that there is no big difference between the average unemployment rates of two economies whereas liberal market economies have higher volatility. The cases of low(high) wage elasticity and high(low) labour elasticity make higher unemployment rates than liberal and coordinated market economies, which can be translated as institutional complementarities. Simulation results also replicate varieties of institutions as the source of comparative advantage that are main arguments of varieties of capitalism.

The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors directly affecting the suicide of the elderly and to point out the limitation of existing protection factors. We also seek ways to reduce risk factors and strengthen protection factors. The summary and implications of this study are briefly described as follows. Previous studies have shown that suicide risk factors of the elderly are largely divided into social factors, family factors, and individual factors respectfully. And, most studies have found the answer to suicide risk factors as a protective factor for the prevention of elderly suicide. However, the previous studies looking at the protection factors are too abstract and tried to find the answer in a one - way relationship between the factors. Therefore, in this study, we provide a comprehensive understanding through the dynamic analysis of the occurrence process of the elderly suicide in order to prevent the suicide of the elderly. In particular, it provide a new causal relationship and solution for the prevention of suicide prevention through the application and expansion of psychology, policy, and science and technology. In summary, first, psychological stability of the elderly is allowed to be brought through the use of positive psychological capital. Second, the establishment of infrastructure to prevent suicide by using science and technology will provide another opportunity to prevent suicide of the elderly. Third, the establishment of suicide prevention system using science and technology can overcome the limit of budget and manpower. In addition, through objective data analysis and data sharing, we will be able to provide more efficient and effective policy formulation and improvement of relevant laws and institutions.