Process driving turbines have been used for a long time in high-temperature and high-pressure environments and are placed in poor environmental conditions, so the stability of the design to prevent deformation or damage is very important. The retainer, which is a core part of the turbine, rotates under steam pressure of high temperature and high pressure, so safety against deformation and damage due to vibration must be ensured. Therefore, safety verification after design is an essential process in turbine design. The purpose of this study is to verify the stability of the process retainer design by finite element analysis. There may be several methods for verifying the stability of a machine, but as machine parts become more complex and diversified, the finite element method is increasingly used. For stability verification, after verifying the deformation and damage of the part by static analysis, the possibility of fatigue failure was checked through the fatigue safety factor and fatigue life through fatigue analysis. In order to verify the safety of the rotating retainer, the possibility of occurrence of resonance according to the natural frequency was confirmed, and total deformation was confirmed through a harmonic response. Through this series of processes, it was verified that the designed retainer, the subject of this research, is safe.

It is very important to plan the supply of parts through multi-modal transportation in the case of a supply chain that supplies parts domestically and finally produces finished products overseas. This study deals with a dynamic lot sizing problem of multi-modal transportation in this case. A mixed integer programming model is proposed to solve this type of problem. The proposed model is able to deal with various constraints including that some parts may be shipped separately as they cannot be packed together. A simple numerical experiment is proposed to identify the limitations of an existing study and the flexibility of the developed model.

Avionics is the electric and electronic component, item, or system required for military and civil aircraft. The reliability management and analysis of these components uses a method that uses a failure physics prediction method that is differentiated from the existing method. To such avionics items or systems, safety and reliability and cost-effectiveness should be secured.
As the new generation avionics has more features and design advancements compared to predecessor systems, it will be increasingly complex to perform the reliability prediction of such systems and maintain the compliance towards safety requirements. This paper surveys and discusses the various standard, methodologies and challenges in performing reliability prediction of avionics systems during the life cycle of system from design phase to deployment. These results will help to identify the weak parts, elements and provide insight into the areas, which can be improved to enhance the inherent reliability of new generation system.

In view of the continuous trend of automation in the future, there is a possibility that the accidents caused by robots may increase, so prevention of accidents caused by robots may become very important.
The safety inspection of robots is a matter conducted in Korea to prevent industrial accidents.
For items with a higher risk of test items, safety tests should be carried out with the importance of safety tests in order to secure more safety. If we improve the detailed test plan in preparation for the importance of future items by improving safety according to important items, it is expected that more safety for disaster prevention will be secured.
As a research method, the risk of robot safety inspection test items was evaluated through domestic experts. As related experts, two experts each, including an inspection expert at an inspection institution, an expert at a manufacturing manufacturer, and a user using a robot, were selected and evaluated by a face-to-face questionnaire. The risk assessment estimate was composed of a functional 5-point scale and a materiality 5-point scale, and the risk was expressed by multiplying probability and materiality.
The measures to improve safety revealed through the risk assessment results and considerations are as follows.
First, as an additional requirement of safety inspection items related to maintenance work, it is necessary to add durable performance requirements related to the service life within the performance requirements of the safety-related control system.
Second, as a result of evaluating the risk of the safety inspection test items, the safety-related control system performance requirements and the risk of cooperative operation are 25, the cooperative operation requirements are 23.7, the protection areas and measures are 22.3, and the emergency stop device in order of priority risk. was 21.6 and the robot system stop function was 20.2.
Third, in the single defect of the safety-related control system performance requirement, the specific detailed type of the single defect must be presented.
Fourth, in cooperative operation, it is desirable that the safety inspection organization set specific detailed items for actual inspection to ensure compliance with domestic and international standards.

Social concerns by earthquakes in Korea are increasing. Currently, risk assessment for decision-making in emergency is not well established and delayed. Risk assessment in emergency is not conducted properly due to the inability, such as lack of manpower, manual evaluation, and lack of systematic disaster management, to predict damages. In this paper, we developed a visualization technology that combines ICT (Information and Communication Technology) to solve difficulties of decision-making caused by the lack of disaster information. To this end, we collected the ground and analysis information on facility in the areas of Buk-gu (Heunghae-eup) and Nam-gu. In order to provide a web-based geographic application API using open source, codes that can be linked to the web was developed and applied. This visualization technology can use to improve inefficient measures based on existing manuals, such as providing intuitive monitoring information, risk assessment and precision improvement and to support fast a disaster decision-making. The performance of the development system was evaluated and the result is improved.

The purpose of this paper is to carry out failure modes and effects analysis in order to determine risk priority number of the components of lightning protection system. Failure modes for components is referred of IEEE Gold book and FMD 2016. In risk priority number, more then 60 had 4 failure modes; more specifically, down conductor had 1 mode, earth-termination system(2 modes), intermal lighting protection system(1 mode) and thus 4 components had failure modes. The components which had high risk priority number were connector of down conductor, GND and under connector of earth-termination system, SPD of intermal lighting protection system was chosen as an intensive management component.

This paper reveals root cause of repetitive reheat cracking at HAZ in SA213-TP347H stainless steel that is used as reheater and superheater in 500MW coal fired boiler. SA213-TP347H stainless tube was introduced in 2007 and there were few damages and short period of usage. But various unexpected failure has frequently happened mainly in the specific manufacturer's after 1.5 year usage. Micro-component analysis, micro-structure analysis and tensile strength test have been followed for evaluating compliance with recent boiler temperature, pressure and flue gas conditions. Various welding bevel angles and welding variables such as welding velocity, welding current, welding interlayer temperature are adapted for making test specimen. These are tested for corelation between thermal effect and tube crack. After this micro-structure analysis are conducted. Solid Solution Heat Treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and stabilizing treatment after solid solution heat treatment are carried out for studying the effect of post-weld heat treatment in 347H stainless steel. After doing these micro-structure and mechanical properties changes have been analyzed. This paper propose optimal welding method, heat treatment and material selection guidelines throughout above activities.

Total fuel consumption is an important indicator of efficiency of the power management scheduling in the microgrid. The remaining power produced by the microgrid is recharged in the battery system and reused if necessary for the following period. The utilization of these battery system should also be considered when establishing the power management scheduling. This paper dealt with the problem of power management scheduling which minimizes total fuel consumption while increasing the utilization of battery system for microgrid with battery system. A new heuristics was proposed to increase utilization of battery systems and reduce fuel consumption at the same time, and a comparative analysis was conducted with the results presented in the previous study by applying heuristics to various types of microgrids with different power requirements. Comparative analysis showed that the newly presented heuristic was improved in various performance indicators related to fuel consumption, such as total fuel consumption and lower bound, compared to the heuristic presented in the previous study, and that the indicators related to utilization of battery systems were superior.

The importance of reusing energy and recycling resources in current industrial environment is growing. Generally, boilers produce hot steam and hot water. But most of the hot steam energy produced is wasted after use. It is a study of high temperature steam energy produced in the boiling system. This study is to develop steam compressor system for boiler that reuse the after using. The developed system is consisting of three subsystems that are piston ring, pressure valve and steam compressor for improving equipment efficiency. The developed system can applied to boiling system in small and medium-sized industries. The developed system can be able to contribute to the energy saving and reduction of environmental pollution.

Consumers demanded for high quality coffee are increasing. Current dutch coffee machine vendors sell different flavors and are not to provide customized coffee extracts. The manual or semi-automatic dutch coffee machines require continuous observation and manipulation. The purpose of this study is to develop dutch coffee machine that applied the time control system for improving manageability. The developed time control system can be easily adjusted extraction time and amount of coffee extract. Multi point dripped type system and coffee machine management application are developed. The developed machine can be providing customized various flavor coffee extracts and support convenience of dutch coffee machine management. The developed machine can be able to contribute to the realization of coffee prices and popularization of dutch coffee in coffee industry.