Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify relationship between work unstability and personal medical expenditure ratio focusing on wage workersʼ contract period.
Method: This study analyzed 2015 yearly data beta version of Korea Health Panel, co-managed by Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs and National Insurance Corporation for data analysis. When executing linear regression, Household income was applied with equivalized income, and the proportion of personal medical expenditure was naturally logged to perform linear regression and the demographic and socioeconomic factors were taken into account. The demographic and socio-economic factors were also considered.
Findings: As a result of reviewing the used factors, it was found that the more unstable work status, the higher personal medical expenditure ratio. This result corresponds to ʻThe Theory of Fundamental Causesʼ by Link & Phelan.
Conclusion : It indicates that policy efforts should be made to improve the working environment and health level of socially unstable workers.

Purposes: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between risk behaviors and smoking in Korean adolescents.
Methods: This study used data from online survey of youth health behavior in 2017. Data from a total of 54,411 people (27,139 male, 27,272 female) were included in the analysis. chi-square test, simple logistic regression, multiple logistic regression were performed using SAS 9.4.
Findings: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that risk behaviors such as drinking alcohol experience, sexual experience, drug use experience and high caffeine energy drinks intake experience had a significant effect on smoking. Adolescents with drinking experience were more likely to smoking than those who had no experience(OR=8.58, 95% CI: 7.67~9.60). Adolescents with sexual experience were more likely to smoking than those who had no experience(OR=4.47, 95% CI: 3.91~5.11). Adolescents with drug use experience were more likely to smoking than those who had no experience(OR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.63~3.32). Also, adolescents with high-caffeine energy drinks intake experience were more likely to smoking than those who had no experience(OR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.23~1.53).
Practical Implications: All the risk behaviors were significantly associated with smoking rates. Results of this study suggest that physicians and health workers in medical institutions and health centers should simultaneously serve education and consultation for the smoking cessation as well as for the prevention of risk behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fairness, culture, and service points on organizational management to maximize the ability of organizational members.
The subjects of the survey were selected from major hospitals, small and medium hospitals. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed, but 404 (80.8%) were used for the final analysis. The SPSS WIN 20 program was used to analyze the collected data. The following conclusions were obtained.
First, in this study, organizational fairness did not show any general difference, and fairness was obtained with relatively high scores. In terms of improving organizational culture, size of hospital there is a statistically significant difference. the larger the organization, the more the organizational culture needs to be improved. Organizational fairness were significant differences in service encounter points and size of hospital.
Second, the correlation between fairness, organizational culture improvement, service contact point and management performance showed a very positive correlation.
Third, fairness has no effect on business performance. However, in this study, organizational culture improvement and service contact points are statistically significant and positive (+) influence on dependent variable management performance.
Therefore, in order to improve the organizational culture of the hospital, it is necessary for the CEO to the vision, core, to discuss and make a reasonable plan. In order to actively cope with rapidly changing hospital environment, it will be necessary to positively support the of new medical market and the increase of market share.

Purpose / Approach : This study aims to analyze the level of public service motivation and its antecedents by using survey data of 1,498 professional employees in public and private hospitals.
Findings : Among job-related, organization-related, and socialization-related factors of professional employees, the socialization factors have a strong effect on individualʼs overall and the four sub-dimensions of public service motivation. While the effect of organizational identification is prominent in the public hospital, professional identification is more powerful in the private hospital. Person-job fit and person-organizational value fit also play a significant role in determining public service motivation. Organizational vision salience in public hospital has negative effect on public service motivation and attraction-to-public-service dimension. The significant determinants and its effect size are different according to hospital type and each sub-dimension of public service motivation.
Practical Implications : The empirical findings show that individual's level of public service motivation in hospitals could be enhanced through the interaction between individual and their organization, and various organization-related factors. Further implications of the study are discussed from human resource management perspective in hospitals.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate that the training of information protection for members at medical institutions increases the information protection activities of employees.
METHODS: We used the chi-square test and the logistic regression model to analyze the data of the "Healthcare Information and Communication Status Survey in 2017" (n = 2002) conducted by the Korea Health Industry Development Institute
RESULTS: As a result of the analysis, the information protection activity increased when the education was received and the number of received more than the education was not received. Especially, when the management receives education, it affects the information protection activities of the employees.
CONCLUSION: In order to protect medical information, medical institutions need to provide education on information protection for management and employees.

The aim of this study is to analyze the differences in the publicness indices depending on the environmental factors of regional public hospitals to derive the policy implications for improving management for regional public hospitals. The data of the 34 regional public hospitals from 2016 was used for the analysis.
Major results of this study are as follows.
First, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the medical safety net function showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger location, a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, a larger number of nurses per 100 beds, and the lower management fee ratio.
Second, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the unmet healthcare needs showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, and a larger number of beds. Third, the analysis of the differences in the scores of the hospital-specialized services showed significantly higher scores for regional public hospitals with a larger location, a higher financial independence of the local government, a larger number of hospitals in a unit area, a larger number of beds, and a larger number of nurses per 100 beds.
Major conclusions of this study are as follows.
Consideration should be given to the appropriate number of nurses for each regional public hospital to maximize publicness by providing the appropriate amount of medical services, but not to incur unnecessary labor costs. In addition, efforts should be made to enhance profitability, which can be a means of strengthening publicness, by identifying the minimum administrative expenses required for efficient operation and reducing unnecessary administrative expenses. Finally, it is necessary to identify the appropriate number of beds to meet the needs of the customers and to create maximum profits.

Purposes: Organizational socialization introductory education for new members is a representative organizational socialization program that enables new members to become true members of an organization and grow into the people they expect from the organization. I analyzed the case of Pop Art Cooperative Learning introductory education for the socialization of the entire organization, which was conducted by Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University, in 13 steps, one month before its opening on April 1, 2019.
Methodology: In order to analyze the case, the case study was analyzed in order from education planning to preparation, implementation and evaluation. The important point in this process is that all the members to be input at the start of the treatment are not included in the position and occupation. In the composition of education contents, the core keywords for achieving the vision are derived through each group activity and strategies for achieving spirituality, vision, and vision of Hospital are made and the ideal image of Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital is completed using the pop art technique. All the works produced by each group will be shared by all attendees of the relevant education level and the whole picture of each education order will be completed again with the big picture called - The heart of Jesus Christ the healer♥- Respectively.
Findings: Education Results All the participants showed high satisfaction and they shared the vision and mission of Eunpyeong St. Mary 's Hospital as well as the formation of intimacy and belonging to each other. They recognized the future direction and goal. And contribute to tissue stabilization. Practical Implications: Through this case study, it will be possible to contribute to establishment and implementation of introductory education plan for new members' socialization to new hospitals.