Purposes: The purpose of this study, was to identify similar factors between reasons for unscreening and unmet health care needs through prior research, and based on this, we wanted to figure out the relevance between the medical screening and unmet health care needs.
Methodology: The analysis was conducted using data from 9,640 adults aged 19 or older who don't have a missing value from 16,277 participants in the 7th, 1st&2nd Year (2016&2017) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Unmet health care needs were investigated as a self-reported questionnaire of whether medical service was required but not received. And the analysis was performed through the Chi-Square Test and Multi-logistic Regression analysis.
Findings: As a result of the analysis, unmet healthcare needs were higher who received only one type of screening comparative to who screened both. and were highest who screened neither.
Practical Implications: Unmet health care needs are the center of a vicious cycle, such as morbidity and mortality, which is detrimental to the quality of life, and continues to increase. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways of realizing health care that guarantees the health rights of all citizens by policy guarantee and support for the subjects to recognize the importance of thorough education of screenings rather than only health screening or cancer screening.

Purposes: This research is an empirical research to analyze the effect of self-leadership on the job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior and the mediating effect of psychological capital.
Methods: This research investigates the effect of self-leadership and psychological capital on job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior of public health workers. The analysis was carried out to 4 local medical staffs in Chungcheongnam-do province, which distributed 330 copies and recovered 313 copies (94.8% recovery) and analyzed 304 copies (effective response rate 92.1%).
Findings: First, causality was found in self-leadership and psychological capital. Second, it was found to have a significant effect on psychological capital and job satisfaction. Third, psychological capital was found to have a significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Fourth, psychological capital has a positive effect on both Self-leadership's behavior-oriented strategy, natural reward strategy, and strategic thinking pattern strategy. In the job satisfaction relationship, there was a partial mediating effect. Fifth, psychological capital has a positive effect on both self-leadership and organizational citizenship behavioral behavior-oriented strategy, natural reward strategy, and strategic thinking pattern strategy. The organizational citizenship behavioral relationship was found to have a partial mediating effect.
Practical Implications: Taken together, the results indicate that the members of the four public health care organizations run by Chungcheongnam-do have a high weight on the natural reward strategy of achieving job satisfaction through the pleasures of doing their favorite activities or jobs.

Purpose: many domestic welfare programs use the amount of health insurance premiums as a way of measuring individualsʼ income levels for administrative convenience. As health insurance reform has been made, we examines the income level is still appropriately measured by the health insurance premiums for the employment success package as one of domestic welfare program.
Methodology/Approach: we investigate whether the upper limit of the premiums of the self-employed health insured is appropriate or not after healthcare reform, which currently calculated by multiplying the insurance premium of the employee based insured by the adjustment factor (1.2).
Findings: we examined appropriateness of the adjustment factors by comparing the premiums before and after the healthcare reform by utilizing the national health insurance data as well as Korea Welfare panel data. We found that the new value of adjustment factor (1.0~1.1) is smaller than the current one (1.2).
Practical Implications: to improve the equity between the employee and the self-employed insured after the health insurance reform, the adjustment factor should be lower.

Purpose: Importance of patient satisfaction related to patient-centeredness has been emphasized, and it is known to have effect on various health outcomes including health resource utilization. However, the effect of patient satisfaction has been discussed mostly in terms of hospital marketing in Korea. This study aims to examine the effect of patient satisfaction in patient-physician communication on healthcare utilization in a nationally representative adult population of South Korea.
Method: Patient satisfaction with physician communication is assessed using 4 items in the 2011 Korea Health Panel Survey. Generalized linear regression analysis is conducted using 9,325 adultsʼ healthcare utilization in 2012. Findings: Adjusting for the socio-demographic, economic factors, individual health status, health behaviors and healthcare utilization in 2011, more satisfied individuals, more likely to utilize the outpatient service, especially in clinical setting.
Practical Implications: The study findings suggests that in context of South Korea healthcare system such as insufficient medical consultation time and the absence of health delivery system, patient satisfaction as a subjective healthcare quality indicator would have effect on the individualʼs outpatient visit. This study contributes to stimulate patient satisfaction research and discussion in South Korea to further explore its relationship with potential and various health related outcomes. Further implications of the study are discussed.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the job performance efficiency of nurses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Additionally, the study aimed to provide a detailed method to improve the currently inefficient way in which nurses perform their jobs by differentiating the reference group of more efficient nurses, and to compare the characteristics of the more efficient group of nurses to those of the less efficient group of nurses.
Methodology: This study evaluated the relative job performance efficiency of nurses by applying DEA to 43 nurses in the NICU. The input variables for the efficiency analysis were working career (years), time spent in direct nursing care (hours), overtime (hours), and job-related training (hours); the output variables were the job performance scores of professional practice, research, leadership, and education. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 23.0 and Open Source DEA (OSDEA).
Findings: The relative job performance efficiency of the 43 nurses was 0.933, and 20 nurses were evaluated as more efficient. In addition, the study confirmed the possibility of improving the overall job performance efficiency by improving leadership, while controlling the current input variables. Lastly, the more efficient nurses had significantly higher job performance scores for research (t=2.028, p=0.049), leadership (t=2.036, p=0.048), and education (t=2995, p=0.005) than those who were less efficient.
Practical Implications: It is suggested that job performance be evaluated using DEA to improve the overall job performance efficiency of NICU nurses. The analysis results from DEA for nurses becomes evidence in support of establishing individualized goals for each nurse, thus resulting in a foundation for systematic human resource management of nurses, and ultimately contributing to increase in the job performance efficiency of nurses.

Purposes: Despite a lot of prior studies on psychological empowerment on positive outcomes, the objectives of this paper were to examine the role of psychological empowerment on informal learning and the mediation role of informal learning between psychological empowerment and outcome variables focused upon physical therapists working in hospital industry.
Methodology: Using survey methods, the data were collected from 198 physical therapists who have worked in Ulsan city and attended in annual meeting.
Findings: Results showed that psychological empowerment predicted informal learning positively but differences in mediational mechanism. Specifically, the path between psychological empowerment and proactive behavior partially mediated but no mediating effect between psychological empowerment and helping behavior. This study identified the main role of psychological empowerment on informal learning, and it expands on positive functions of the concept to learning area in organizations. The other results help advanced understanding of differential mechanism through informal learning in the process between psychological empowerment and both outcomes.
Practical Implications: The current study contributes to expend the area of prior findings on psychological empowerment to learning activities implemented by individual volunteer effort. For hospitals operating the teams of physical therapy, the significance for considering psychological empowerment is highlighted as for individual growth related to job and for change behavior in the individual level.