Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore nursing students' perception of mental disorders in psychiatric clinical nursing. Methods: This qualitative study used semi-structured individual interviews to understand the nursing students' perspectives on mental disorders. There were 12 Korean nursing student participants who had completed 90 hours of clinical practice in psychiatric nursing over 10 days. The data was collected and analyzed by inductive content analysis. Results: The findings consisted of four themes and ten subthemes. The nursing students' perspectives classified mental disorders as being “dangerous”, “abnormal”, “not concerned”, and “not much different from others”. Conclusion: The findings suggest that nursing instructors and on-site staff, including psychiatric nurses, need to understand nursing students' perspectives of mental disorders in their first psychiatric nursing practice. The understanding of nursing students' perception towards mental disorders may be effective in improving interaction with the nursing students and supporting them through clinical teaching and guidance.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Korean version of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) for use with the Korean university student population. Methods: A sample of 504 undergraduate students enrolled at a four-year university in South Korea were recruited for the study. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, based on pre-existing models, to compare the model fit indices of three previously proposed factor structures for the PSWQ. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's ⍺ while test-retest reliability was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients. To assess the convergent validity of the PSWQ, Pearson correlations were conducted to examine the association between the PSWQ and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-T. Results: CFA results indicated that the one-factor model with method effect fit the data well in the sample. The PSWQ evidenced high internal consistency and adequate to good test-retest reliability over four weeks. The PSWQ also demonstrated substantial convergent validity with trait anxiety. Conclusion: The Korean version of the PSWQ was found to be sufficiently coherent and robust to be used with the university student populations and its reliability and validity has also been supported. The PSWQ measures a facet of worry as a general, unidimensional construct but different response patterns emerged between positively or negatively worded questions.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a unified structural model that defines relationships among the factors that affect happiness in adolescents in South Korea. Methods: This study was performed using the dataset from the 2018 Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS). The study participants were 2590 adolescents recruited through probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and structural equation modeling to determine the factors that influence adolescents' happiness. Results: Our proposed structural model demonstrated a fine fitness level. Our proposed structural model was also able to describe happiness for adolescents with 68.2% accuracy. Positive social support, high self-esteem, and low depression were confirmed as key factors that influence happiness among adolescents. Meanwhile, physical symptoms were not shown to influence happiness for adolescents in South Korea. Conclusion: We suggest that intervention is required to increase happiness in adolescents. Specifically, there is a need for combinational interventions that help adolescents in South Korea increase their social support and self-esteem while reducing their depression.

Purpose: This study aimed to elucidate the experiences of post-traumatic growth among spouses of alcoholics. Methods: This study used narrative inquiry. The participants were three middle-aged women who had suffered domestic violence from their husbands, the latter of whom had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorders. In-depth interviews with each participant were conducted twice from June to July 2019. Results: The participants reappraised the intrusive symptoms and negative feelings caused by their husbands' drinking problems and domestic violence, and they deliberately repeated reflective pondering through cognitive and emotional flexibility. The perception of social support from actively explored support resources led them to choose a problem-focused coping strategy. Their views of themselves, interpersonal relationships, and philosophical views that had collapsed due to trauma were reconstructed, thus attaining self-transformation. Conclusion: The subjective perception of social support among spouses of alcoholics was affected by the social and cultural contexts and the means of support. Using an emotional-focused coping strategy to accommodate negative emotional response from trauma as well as helping deal with the emotions themselves are important for driving growth motivation and post-traumatic growth. Post-traumatic growth is the process of reconstructing narratives and integrating them into life stories, thereby giving meaning to life.

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the web-based trauma-education programs for mental-health professionals reported in English and Korean. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINALH, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, NDSL, US National Library of Medicine, Clinical Research Information Service, and Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library. The database search identified 11,852 articles. The selection of articles involved a three-phase process, in which duplications were identified and, titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were determined according to inclusion criteria, followed by full-text reading of articles identified. Finally, a total of three studies were included in this review, which published in the United States in 2011, 2014, and 2019. One was a pilot randomized controlled trial and two were pre- and post- studies. Only one included nurses as participants. Selected studies were rated for quality assessment using the Risk of Bias tool of Cochrane's collaboration. Results: Although the specific content of the programs was unknown, they improved mental health professionals' knowledge level, performance confidence, satisfaction, and education-completion rate. Conclusion: More well-designed studies are needed of the optimal content for web-based education programs in mediating trauma for a broad spectrum of mental-health professionals.

Purpose: This study was designed to identify the influence of stress and anxiety on depression in Central Asian Koreans living in Korea. Methods: We used a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study design, to survey 159 Central Asian Koreans between July 2 and Dec 17, 2019. To analyze the data, we used descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA with the Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: Multiple-regression analysis revealed that how long the subjects had been living in Korea (β=.07, p=.034), their active problem- solving skills (β=-.47, p=.031), and their anxiety levels (β=1.54, p<.001) were significant factors that explained approximately 44% of the variance in depression. Conclusion: We concluded that long-term residence and the skills to face and cope with, anxiety and stress can help lower the rates of depression of Central Asians living in Korea.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout among workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed. Two hundred and twenty-four workers who had violence experiences from clients participated in the study. The data were collected from August 5 to 29, 2019. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses based on Baron and Kenny criterion. Results: Psychological stress was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (r=-.21, p=.002) and significantly positively correlated with burnout (r=.70, p<.001). Resilience was also significantly negatively correlated with burnout (r=-.30, p<.001). Furthermore, resilience (β=-0.17, p<.001) had a significant partial mediating effect on the relationship between psychological stress and burnout (Z=2.35, p=.018). Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that resilience plays an important role to maintain well-being and cope productively of workers with violence experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a intervention program that can enhance the resilience to cope positively for the workers with violence experiences in community mental health welfare center.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an encouraging group therapy program on male baby boomers' self-esteem, depression, suicidal ideation, and social interest. Methods: The recruited participants were 33 male baby boomers in G city. The study was conducted from April 4 to June 10, 2016 To test the effects of the encouraging group therapy program, the participants were divided into two groups: an experimental group (N=15) and a control group (N=18). The data were analyzed using the x2 test, t-test, and Fisher exact test with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significantly increased scores for self-esteem (t=2.40, p=.023) and social interest (t=2.21, p=.040) along with a significant decrease in the depression score (t=-3.39, p=.002); however, the suicidal ideation score was not significantly decreased (t=-0.43, p=.673). Conclusion: The findings from this study indicate that an encouraging group therapy program effectively enhances self-esteem and social interest while reducing depression in male baby boomers. Therefore, this program represents a good strategy that community mental health nurses can use to improve psychiatric health among male baby boomers.