Purpose: This study explored the effect of adolescents' sexual behavior on mental health according to behavior, demographic, and sex-related characteristics. Methods: The 11th Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey was conducted with 67,427 adolescents in South Korea. The hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to investigate the relationship between adolescents' sexual behavior and mental health (i.e., stress, depressive state, suicidal ideation, and subjective happiness). Results: Male and female adolescents were more likely to experience stress, depression, and suicidal ideation if they were high school students, low-income, smoked, drank, and/or had low academic achievement. Those with sexual experience showed higher levels of stress and depression and suicidal ideation rates and lower happiness. After controlling for a variety of covariates, including individual, family, and school factors, adolescents experienced sexual intercourse showed significantly higher mental health status ORs than those who had not had intercourse. Conclusion: It is necessary to provide an expanded health education program that combines healthy lifestyle and mental health promotion rather than fragmentary sex education to prevent negative physical and mental consequences of sexual intercourse among adolescents.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the experiences of insomnia symptoms in the elderly living alone in the community. Methods: Eleven of the elderly with insomnia symptoms living alone in the community were interviewed. Data were collected through individual interviews July-September 2018. Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology was used. Results: Results showed that the experiences of insomnia symptoms of the elderly living alone comprised 11 themes clusters and five categories: 1) Insomnia symptoms triggered by various causes, 2) Physical symptoms exacerbated by insomnia, 3) Insomnia worsened by psychological symptoms, 4) Useless efforts to fix insomnia, 5) Living with adapted insomnia symptoms. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop a sleep intervention program that includes insomnia symptoms awareness, sleep health education, and social support factors. Community nurses should focus on insomnia symptoms as well as listen and empathize with various psychological phenomena in caring for the elderly with insomnia living alone.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the suffering experienced by the primary caregiver of people with mental disabilities in community dwellings to explain the fundamental structure thereof. Methods: The Giorgi's phenomenological research methodology was used. Three male subjects and five female subjects participated in this study. The data were collected September-December, 2019 through in-depth individual interviews, and analysis based on the Giorgi's method. Results: Four clusters of themes were identified. They are: “Mental disability came as a burden of pain”, “Painful time from caring due to being mentally recoiled and being hurtful”, “My life is broken by illness”, and “Hope discovered in the midst of pain”. Conclusion: The findings provide deeper understanding and insight into the suffering experienced by primary caregivers for people with mental disabilities in community dwellings. A comprehensive program encompassing psychological and social aspects must be developed to facilitate resolving the problem of the suffering experienced by the primary caregiver for people with mental disabilities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parent's role education program based on Belsky's model on parenting stress and adolescent child's self-concept. Methods: The study design was a mixed methods study combined with a nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest and a qualitative study. The subjects were 37 mothers and their adolescent children who were attending in three middle schools in cities (19 in the experimental group and 18 in the control group). The experimental group was admitted parent's role education program consisted with 12 sessions during 6 weeks. In addition, 11 subjects in the experimental group participated in an in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 24.0 program and content analysis. Results: After the intervention, there were significant improvements for the experimental group in adolescents' self concept and parenting stress compared to the control group. Qualitative data obtained from depth interview were resulted in five themes: Realization of the preciousness of parenting; Looking at myself through my child's eyes; Recovery of the boundary of self; Formation of confidence about parenting; Having a new identity as a parent. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the parent's role education program for adolescents' mother can be a useful mental health nursing. This school based intervention program could be a part of a long-term adolescent mental health initiative to support the parents of adolescent children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Psychiatric Inpatient Classification System (PICS) based on nursing care needs of psychiatric inpatients. Methods: The preliminary items of the PICS based on the Korean Patients Classification System-1 (KPCS-1) were revised through literature review and interviews with psychiatric nurses. Content validity was assessed by 11 psychiatric nursing experts. In a convenience sample of 154 psychiatric inpatients, nurses reported nursing activities performed for their patients using the PICS. Criterion validity of the PICS was evaluated by testing correlation between the PICS and the Subjective Patient Classification (SPC). To identify groups of patients, the cluster analysis was performed with the PICS as a cluster variable, and cluster analysis was used. Results: The final PICS comprised 12 nursing areas, 61 nursing activities, and 104 items. Significant correlation between the PICS and the SPC showed criterion validity of the PICS. Conclusion: Results suggest a patient classification system based on psychiatric nursing needs. This will improve the quality of psychiatric nursing by providing substantial data on an appropriate ratio of psychiatric nursing staffing.

Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the experience of people with gambling disorder, who participated in the therapeutic community. Methods: Ten adults participated in a therapeutic community for at least three months and abstinent from gambling for more than six months. The data were collected May 16-August 1, 2019. Individual in-depth interviews were performed for 35~40 minutes. Results: The data were classified into seven categories and 14 subcategories using thematic analysis methods. The subjects reported the experience of the therapeutic community as follow: 1) Trusting in a warm and safe environment; 2) Being comforted by colleagues' empathy; 3) Recognition of personal problems through colleagues' stories; 4) Recognition of personal wrong values through philosophy; 5) Recognition of a personal problem with lifestyle; 6) Empathizing with family members; 7) Development of the ability to recognize and cope with relapse. Conclusion: The results showed that the therapeutic community had a positive impact on gambling abstinence and changes in the attitudes of life.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of symptom awareness and nursing competency on the burden of nursing care for patients with mental illness by general ward nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive correlational study design was used. Subjects were 231 nurses from three general hospitals. Data were collected March 7-26, 2019. The data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: The multiple regression analysis revealed that psychiatric symptom awareness, psychiatric nursing competency, and psychiatric nursing education experience account for 12% of the nursing burden of mental illness patients. Conclusion: The findings suggest that it is necessary to implement psychiatric symptom awareness, psychiatric nursing competency, and psychiatric nursing education to decrease the burden of nursing care for patients with mental illness by general ward nurses.

Purpose: This study explored the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation and examined the mediating role of frustrated interpersonal needs on the relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and suicidal ideation based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 333 college students in Korea. Subjects completed a packet of self-report questionnaires through an on-line survey. The analyses were conducted with IBM SPSS Statistics 25 using descriptive statistics, independent T-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. Bootstrapping was adopted for significance tests regarding the mediation effect. Results: Among the subjects, 156 students (46.8%) had non-suicide self-harm experiences. The levels of suicidal ideation were significantly different by gender. Students with experiences of non-suicidal self-harm reported significantly higher levels of frustrated interpersonal needs and suicidal ideation than those without such experiences. The relationship between non-suicidal self-harm and intensity of suicidal ideation was partially mediated by thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness. Conclusion: Findings of this study suggest the inclusion of effective strategies that can have a positive effect on ameliorating thwarted belongingness in developing suicide prevention programs for college students with experiences of non-suicidal self-harm.